Chapter 4 Flashcards
Thrust
force in animal’s direction
Lift
Force opposite in right angles to the thrust
drag
force opposite he direction of the movement
what does the great density of water provide animals with in terms of movement?
the ability to float; use of air bladders, oil-filled livers
how does the minimal effect of gravity in water affect the structure of a fish?
greatly lowers the need for strong boney support structures
what is the collagenous connective tissue that attaches myomeres to each other?
myosepta
how many vertebra can a myomere span?
3-13
what are the three swimming modes?
Burst: rapid acceleration and associated speeds that can last less than 20 seconds
Prolonged: constant speeds that can be maintained from 20 seconds to 200 minutes, end in fatigue
Sustained: constant swimming, does not end in exhaustion
how much faster is burst speed to sustained speed?
5x
what does red muscle fiber have?
- small in diameter
- high vasculatization
- well supplied w lipids and glycogen
- high mitrochondrial volume
what does white muscle have?
limited, but fast (strong) activity wide diameter poor vascularization low mitrochondrial volume anaerobic glycolysis for energy
what proportion of muscle is red?
0-30
who has higher proportion red muscle?
thunniforms, lamnid sharks
what are four main and basic points about locomotion?
a) the faster a fish beats its tail, the faster it goes
b) the larger the fish, the faster it goes
c) The larger the fish, the more efficient it uses energy (per given body mass)
d) the warmer it is, the faster a fish goes
what are three things that can be said of the ‘extreme end’ of the ‘active searchers’ such as tuna and lamnid sharks?
1) expect more red muscle, given the relationship btwn the proportion of red muscle and ability to do sustained swimming
2) expect them to be relatively large, given the strong positive relationship btwn size and swimming speed
3) we might expect them to be ‘warm blooded’, given the relationship btwn swimming speed and temperature
