Chapter 16 (smell and taste)

Question 1

two divisions of chemoreception

Answer 1

A) Olfaction (smell)

B) Gustation (taste)

Question 2

Olfaction

Answer 2

results from stimulation of sensory receptor cells in the olfactory organs, innervated by the olfactory nerve. smells.

Question 3

Gustation

Answer 3

mediated by taste buds, innervated by the facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus nerves.

Question 4

where are taste buds found?

Answer 4

mouth cavity, gill cavity, gill arges, external surfaces of the body (barbels, skin)

Question 5

olfactory organs

Answer 5

aka nares, paired bilateral structures consisting of olfactory chambers, folds of olfactory epithelia called lamellae

Question 6

what do lamellae do?

Answer 6

dramatically increase the surface area of the olfactory chambers

Question 7

how is water pushed thru nares?

Answer 7

• branchial pump (sharks, rays)

- swimming

Question 8

2 Olfactory sensitivities:

Answer 8

1- perception of v. low odors

2- discrimination of 2 or more odors in a mix

Question 9

why is gustation important?

Answer 9

location and identification of possible food sources.

Question 10

reproductive behaviour and chemoreception

Answer 10

play a role in courtship behavior, parental behaviour, aggressive behaviour.

Question 11

what is an example of olfaction in predator avoidance?

Answer 11

schreckstoff or alarm substance. prey recognition

Question 12

innate avoidance behavior

Answer 12

detect prey, stop migration, reverse direction, show fright behaviour

Question 13

Acoustico laterlis system

Answer 13

includes the sound receptive and equilibrium centers of the inner ear and the free and connected neuromasts of the cephalic and lateral line system

Question 14

how much faster does sound travel in water than air?

Answer 14

4.8x

Question 15

what are the three liquid filled sac containing an otolith?

Answer 15

utriculus, sacculus, lagena

Question 16

three otoliths are called what?

Answer 16

lapillus, sagitta, asteriscus

Question 17

what are the two sensory modalities that fish posses to detect underwater vibrations?

Answer 17

inner ear, lateral line system

Question 18

the lateral line system consists of several series of cennected or unconnected…

Answer 18

neuromasts.

Question 19

where are neuromasts located?

Answer 19

running over the course of the head and body

Question 20

what are neuromasts?

Answer 20

encapsulated hair cells that produce nervous impulses when bent in one of two directions.

Question 21

are neruomasts far or near field receptors? what do they react to?

Answer 21

near. the dispacement of water particles and not pressure waves alone. (inner ear can do both)

Question 22

in what manners can neuromasts be presented?

Answer 22

free neuromasts lying on the surface of skin or within pits, or canals and grooves on the head and body.

Question 23

the neuromast canals are filled with what?

Answer 23

endolymphic fluid (mucous) passes vibrations to the neuromasts.

Question 24

the more active the fish, the faster the water flows, how does this affect the lateral lines? why?

Answer 24

the greater the propensity that the system to be contained with canals. reduces the extraneous noise of outside environment

Question 25

how are the lateral lines positioned according to lifestyle and form?

Answer 25

form follows function (on top for flat fish, below for surface, arch above pec fins)

Question 26

functions of lateral line and inner ear in the detection of moving objects:

1: near the source
2: farther from the source
3: at large distances from the source

Answer 26

1: hydrodynamic detection
2: near field hearing
3: far field hearing
(slide 47)