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BIOL 1020 > Chapter 4,5,6 and 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 4,5,6 and 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atom

A

The basic unit of a chemical element

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2
Q

What are the two regions of atoms

A

The Nucleus and the Electron shells

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3
Q

Electron shells contain

A

Electrons

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4
Q

The nucleus contains ( Chemistry)

A

The protons
(positive charge), and neutrons (negative charge).

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5
Q

What is a chemical bond

A

It is the interaction of electrons between two different atoms.

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6
Q

Types of chemical bonds

A

Ionic, Covalent, Polar covalent, and Hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

Remember to not do what during the test

A

Panic or Overthink. Emphasis on the overthinking one.

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8
Q

Ionic bonds are

A

Bonds were electrons are transferred from one atom to the other. The resulting charged atoms then combine.

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9
Q

Covalent bonds are

A

bonds where the atoms share electrons equally

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10
Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

are bonds where atoms don’t share electrons equally causing the atoms in the molecule to have a slight charge.

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11
Q

What is a hydrogen bonds

A

is the attraction of hydrogen and any other atom.

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12
Q

What are the two bonds that can dissolve in water

A

Ionic and covalent bonds.

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13
Q

What are hydrophillic substances

A

substance that love water

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14
Q

What are hydrophobic substances

A

substances that hate water

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15
Q

Cohesion, High heat of vaporization, high specific heat capacity and expansion upon freezing are characteristics of…

A

Hydrogen bonds

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16
Q

What is pH

A

The measure of the amount of H+ in a solution

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17
Q

What type of solution donates H+ to a solution

A

Acids

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18
Q

What type of solution absorbs H+

A

Bases

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19
Q

Each unit on a pH scale represents what

A

A 10x change in H+

20
Q

What is a buffer

A

any substance that absorbs or releases H+ to minimize the change in a solution. E.g Carbonic acid.

21
Q

What are functional groups

A

Grouping of atoms in molecules that have specific properties

22
Q

Mention some functional groups

A

Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Carboxyl, Amines

23
Q

What are polymers

A

A continous string of monomers.

24
Q

What is a saturated solution.

A

A solution which has dissolved as much solutes as it is capable of.

25
Q

What are the 3 main groups of Organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins.

26
Q

An organic molecule which contains numerous O-H and a carbonyl =O group

A

Carbohydrates

27
Q

What are the uses of carbohydrates

A

Energy storage and for structure

28
Q

Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose are the polymers of who

A

Carbohydrates

29
Q

Hydrophobic organic compounds are

A

Lipids

30
Q

Uses of lipids

A

Energy storage, Membrane structure, Vitamins and chemical signaling.

31
Q

Lipids made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

A

Fat

32
Q

Types of fat tissue

A

White fat tissue and Brown fat tissue

33
Q

The fat tissue which recieves little blood circulation

A

White fat tissue

34
Q

The fat tissue which receives plenty blood supply

A

Brown fat tissue

35
Q

Long carbon chain hydrophobic molecules

A

Waxes

36
Q

A glycerol molecule with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

A

Phospholipids

37
Q

Polymers with amino acids

A

Proteins

38
Q

What does a proteins function depend on

A

Shape of the protein

39
Q

The shape of a protein depends on what

A

Amino acids sequence, Enviromental factors (pH), and interactions with other molecules.

40
Q

Functions of protein

A

Movement, Defense, Signaling, Transport, Enzyme actions.

41
Q

What is a chemical reactioin

A

The rearrangement of bonds between molecules

42
Q

when a protein permanently changes its shape

A

Denaturing.

43
Q

What are the basic features of a cells

A

Compartmentalization, Self assembly and homeostasis, Replication

44
Q

What are the two groups of cells

A

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

45
Q

Cells whose organelles are sorrounded by membranes

A

Eukaryotic cells

46
Q

Cells whose organelles which aren’t sorrounded by membranes

A

Prokaryotic cells

47
Q

Components of cells
You don’t have to know all of them.

A

Membranes, Cytoplasm, Cytoskelenton, Cell wall, Organelles, Nuclei/Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, Vacuoles and Chloroplast.

BIOL 1020 (6 decks)

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