Chapter 4,5,6

Question 1

abiotic factors

Answer 1

1. current
2. sediment
3. temperature
4. chemistry

Question 2

what does current do?

Answer 2

1. transports material
2. removes waste
3. downstream displacement

Question 3

Reynold’s number

Answer 3

the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces

Re = Fi/Fv inertia/viscosity

Question 4

Froude number

Answer 4

gravitational forces/intertial forces
Fr<1 subcritical
Fr= 1 critical flow
Fr> 1 supercritical

Question 5

inertia

Answer 5

resistance to change in motion

Question 6

viscosity

Answer 6

resistance to change in form due to mutual attraction of water molecules

Question 7

hydraulic jump

Answer 7

1. entrains air, oxygenates stream
2. launch pad for fish moving upstream
3. makes sounds of water as air bubbles burst
4. habitat for aquatic organisms

Question 8

thermal heterogeity due to:

Answer 8

1. ground water
2. shading
3. runoff
4. wind
5. evaporative cooling

Question 9

sinuosity

Answer 9

channel distance/straight down valley distance

Question 10

Bernoulli principle

Answer 10

as velocity increases, pressure decreases

Question 11

bank full stage

Answer 11

channel forming flow

Question 12

stream armoring

Answer 12

heavy sediment on top of finer

Question 13

transport

Answer 13

bed load, suspended load, dissolved load

Question 14

competence

Answer 14

largest partical that can be moved at a particular flow

Question 15

critical velocity

Answer 15

velocity needed to pick up and transfer a particular grain size

Question 16

shear stress

Answer 16

force of water above stream bed

Question 17

subtrate

Answer 17

the key to determining the abundance and distribution of species

Question 18

substrate assumptions

Answer 18

1. simple habitats are less diverse than complex habitats

2. intermediate disturbance leads to greater diversity

Question 19

species abundance correlated with:

Answer 19

1. amount of detritus
2. algal biomass
3. substrate stability and complexity
4. depth
5. velocity

Question 20

intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Answer 20

low amount of disturbance= a few dominant species will take over,
high disturbance= loss of species