Chapter 3

Question 1

lentic

Answer 1

standing water

Question 2

lotic

Answer 2

flowing water

Question 3

ephemeral

Answer 3

formed after a rainfall, then disappears

Question 4

intermittent

Answer 4

flows for a while but then dries up

Question 5

perennial

Answer 5

stays flowing all year during normal rainfall patterns

Question 6

what shapes a river?

Answer 6

1. climate
2. geology
3. topography
4. vegetation
5. human use

Question 7

colluvial

Answer 7

organic matter that gathers at the bottom of hill slopes

Question 8

alluvial

Answer 8

sediment and organic matter that is carried down from upstream

Question 9

stream network organization

Answer 9

heirarchical

1. headwaters are erosional
2. medium order streams transfer sediments
3. higher orders are depositional

Question 10

spatial framework

Answer 10

1. longitudinal dimensions
2. lateral connectivity
3. vertical connectivity

Question 11

stenotherm

Answer 11

narrow temperature range

Question 12

eurytherm

Answer 12

large temperature range

Question 13

water balance

Answer 13

preciptation+ground water= discharge+ evapotranspiration + ground water out
(ppt=Q + ET)

Question 14

discharge

Answer 14

flow (Q), volume of water flowing through a cross sectional area of a stream per unit time, Q = AxV

Question 15

thalweg

Answer 15

deepest part of the channel

Question 16

factors influencing flow

Answer 16

1. slope (gravity)
2. cross-sectional area
3. roughness of bottom
4. wetted perimeter

Question 17

wetted perimeter

Answer 17

boundary between stream water and sediment

Question 18

laminar flow

Answer 18

fluid movement in smooth, regular layers with no dusruption between layers. Adjacent layers slide by one another, occurs at low velocities

Question 19

turbulent flow

Answer 19

fluid movement is irregular, mixing