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Honors Bio > Chapter 4/5 > Flashcards

Chapter 4/5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who was one of the first people to look at cells under a microscope and come up with the term cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

This is a tool used to magnify an object 100’s to thousands of times than its original size. It was the first type of its kind made. Can look at living things under it.

A

Light Microscope

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3
Q

This tool can magnify 100,000’s times the original size using particles. It is used to examine the outside/surface of an object.

A

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

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4
Q

This tool can magnify 100,000’s times the original size using particles. It is used to examine the inside of a cell.

A

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

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5
Q

This is the idea that all living things are made up of cells and all cells come from existing cells.

A

Cell Theory

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6
Q

This type of cell is very simple and does not have a nucleus. An example is bacteria.

A

prokaryote

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7
Q

These cells are complex and large. They have a nucleus and are the types of cells found in our body.

A

eukaryote

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8
Q

This is the layer that that surrounds all cells. In animal and plant cells it is a phospholipid bilayer.

A

Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)

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9
Q

All the structures that do a specific job in the cell

A

organelle

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10
Q

This is the genetic material within a prokaryote

A

nucleoid

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11
Q

The jelly like fluid in prokaryotes. No organelles

A

cytosol

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12
Q

Jelly like fluid in the cell that includes the organelles

A

cytoplasm

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13
Q

The cell membrane is made up of two layers called the _____________________. There is a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.

A

phospholipid bilayer

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14
Q

This is the membrane for the nucleus

A

Nuclear Envelope

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15
Q

The brain of the cell. Has all of the information in it.

A

Nucleus

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16
Q

This is found in the nucleus and is responsible for making ribosome

A

nucleolus

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17
Q

The long fibers of DNA that are uncoiled in the nucleus

A

chromatin

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18
Q

This is coiled up DNA that is present when the cell is ready to divide.

A

chromosome

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19
Q

This organelle is used for transport and is covered in ribosomes

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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20
Q

This organelle is used for transport and does not have ribosomes

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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21
Q

The many tiny organelles that are found in the cytoplasm and on the rough ER. They make proteins!!!

A

ribosome

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22
Q

Organelle that will package and release different substances

A

Golgi Apparatus

23
Q

Organelle is filled with digestive enzymes that will break down foods and worn out organelles.

A

lysosomes

24
Q

sacs or bubbles that store substances in the cell

A

vesicle/vacuole

25
Q

Large compartment found in plants that stores mostly water but can hold wastes and nutrients

A

Central Vacuole

26
Q

POWER HOUSE!!! Uses food and turns it into useable energy.

A

Mitochondria

27
Q

Organelle in plants responsible for taking sunlight and turning it into food through a process called photosynthesis

A

chloroplast

28
Q

structure in plants that surround the cell membrane for shape and support.

A

cell wall

29
Q

only found in animals cells and help pull spindles when the cell is dividing.

A

centrioles

30
Q

Microfilaments and microtubules that are found throughout the cytoplasm to give the cell some shape and structure.

A

cytoskeleton

31
Q

hairlike structures that help with movement and filtering

A

cilia

32
Q

Tail/Whip like structure used for movement

A

flagella

33
Q

All the chemical reactions that are happening in a body

A

metabolism

34
Q

A type of protein that helps speeds up reactions. Their names usually end in “ase”

A

enzymes

35
Q

The energy needed to get a reaction started

A

activation energy

36
Q

the place on the enzyme where the substrate will join.

A

active site

37
Q

The particle that reacts with the enzyme.

A

substrate

38
Q

This means that the substrate will join with the enzyme’s specific shape. When it joins, it will cause the reaction to begin.

A

Induced fit

39
Q

These bind to active sites and prevent a reaction from occuring

A

enzyme inhibitor

40
Q

These are proteins in the cell membrane that help move things accross

A

transport proteins

41
Q

The movement of PARTICLES from high concentration to low concentration.

A

diffusion

42
Q

When particles are the same throughout but are moving evenly

A

equilibrium

43
Q

the movement of particles from high to low concentration through a membrane.

A

passive transport

44
Q

movement of particles from high to low concentration with the help of a protein channel

A

facilitated diffusion

45
Q

the movement of particles from low to high concentration. Particles are going AGAINST the gradient and need energy to occur.

A

active transport

46
Q

the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane

A

osmosis

47
Q

The substance that is in a solution. Example: salt, sugar

A

solute

48
Q

You have two solutions and this is the one solution that is higher in solute.

A

Hypertonic

49
Q

You have two solutions and this is the one solution that is lower in solute.

A

hypotonic

50
Q

You have two solutions and they are equal in solute.

A

isotonic

51
Q

something that only allows certain things through the membrane

A

semi-permeable

52
Q

The process in which cells take things in

A

endocytosis

53
Q

The process in which the cell releases substances out of the cell.

A

exocytosis

Honors Bio (3 decks)

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