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Honors Bio > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Any compound that is carbon based is considered this. Some examples include carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

A

Organic Compounds

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2
Q

Since there are 4 valence electrons there is a lot of this going on

A

Carbon Reactivity

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3
Q

A compound that is made up of ONLY carbon and hydrogen

A

hydrocarbon

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4
Q

The most common hydrocarbon. The formula is CH4

A

methane

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5
Q

The general term for LARGE molecule

A

macromolecule

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6
Q

These are the parts of a compound that react or play a role in a reaction. An example would be OH-, or -COOH

A

functional groups.

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7
Q

The general term for building blocks. Examples include monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotides

A

monomer

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8
Q

Many building blocks (monomers) joined together will form this

A

polymer

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9
Q

What is happening here:

monomer + monomer –> polymer + water

A

Dehydration Reaction

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10
Q

What is happening here:

polymer + water –> monomer + monomer

A

Hydrolysis

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11
Q

This is a group of macromolecules that is responsible for giving us energy. They can be simple or complex.

A

Carbohydrates

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12
Q

Building blocks(monomer) for carbohydrates

A

monoscaccharides

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13
Q

Something that consists of two monosaccharides. An example is lactose.

A

disaccharide

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14
Q

More than two monosaccharides joined together. Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose are examples.

A

Polysaccharide

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15
Q

Monosaccharides are often called _________________________ because they give immediate energy. An example is glucose.

A

simple sugars

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16
Q

This is a common complex carbohydrate found in foods like potatoes, and pasta. Slow releasing energy.

A

starch

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17
Q

Candy, Fruit, Desserts are all….

A

food with simple sugars

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18
Q

Veggies, Pasta, Grains are all…

A

foods with starch

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19
Q

This is a polysaccharide that is often referred to as fiber. It cannot be digested but is needed to help keep the digestive system flowing or regular.

A

Cellulose

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20
Q

These are hydrophobic molecules that include fats and steroids.

A

lipids

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21
Q

This means water fearing

A

hydrophobic

22
Q

This mean water loving

A

hydrophilic

23
Q

One glycerol and three fatty acids will join to create this.

A

fat (triglyceride)

24
Q

This is a chain of carbons without double bonds where it is full of hydrogen

A

saturated fatty acid

25
Q

A condition where the arteries clog because of saturated fats.

A

atherosclerosis

26
Q

A chain of carbons that has double bonds and it is not completely full of hydrogen .

A

unsaturated fatty acid

27
Q

A group of lipids that are made of 4 fused rings. They are often used to form hormones. They do increase muscle growth and some can be used to treat sickness.

A

Steroids

28
Q

Macromolecule that is responsible for most functions of the body. Helps to build and repair. Made up of amino acids

A

proteins

29
Q

The monomers for proteins

A

amino acids

30
Q

This is what holds amino acids together

A

peptide bond

31
Q

A chain of amino acids is called this _______________. It is not called the protein until the protein folds into its shape.

A

polypeptide

32
Q

This determines the function of a protein

A

protein shape

33
Q

A disorder that is caused when the 6th amino acid in the hemoglobin protein is changed. Causes a misshape in the red blood cell which can result in the cells sticking together and not hold enough oxygen.

A

sickle cell

34
Q

The process in which something like temperature causes a protein to change its shape will lead it to not function the proper way.

A

denaturation

35
Q

This is the macromolecule that contains all the information our body needs. DNA and RNA are examples

A

nucleic acids

36
Q

The monomers of nucleic acid. Each one consist of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

A

nucleotide

37
Q

The sugar found in DNA

A

deoxyribose

38
Q

The sugar found in RNA

A

ribose

39
Q

DNA: Double Stranded/Double Helix/ Sugar is deoxyribose
RNA: Single Stranded/ Sugar is Ribose/ Has U instead of T

A

DNA vs. RNA

40
Q

The sides of the DNA are referred to as the

A

sugar phosphate backbone

41
Q

Animals such as pigs, beef, duck are all…

A

sources of saturated fat

42
Q

Plants and fish are …

A

sources of unsaturated fat

43
Q

There are 20 amino acids and this is what makes them different.

A

Side Group

44
Q

The process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats to make them solid.

A

hydrogenation

45
Q

The carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates are always found in this ratio.

A

1:2:1

46
Q

This is the element that is found in proteins but not carbohydrates, and lipids.

A

Nitrogen

47
Q

People that cannot break down a specific sugar found in milk are said to be

A

lactose intolerant

48
Q

Used to find out if a simple sugar is present. Liquid will change from blue to reddish brown when heated.

A

benedict test

49
Q

Will create a very dark spot in the presence of starch

A

Iodine Test

50
Q

Causes a change of color from blue to violet when there is protein.

A

Biuret Test

51
Q

This is surgically created in a cow to study the bacteria in the rumen (stomach) and to help other sick cows.

A

fistula

Honors Bio (3 decks)

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