Chapter 4&5 Flashcards
Does the smaller or larger object have the greatest surface to volume ratio?
Smaller
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
All organisms are made up of cells
Cells are the smallest unit of living matter
Cells come only from pre-existing cells
What does every cell have?
Plasma membrane
What are the three basic parts of a cell?
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells with no membrane bound organelles or nucleus
What is the plasma membrane?
Barrier between the inside and out of the cell
What is the cytoplasm?
Region of the cell on the inside of the plasma membrane that includes the fluid, cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles
What is the nucleus?
A double membrane bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA
What is a prokaryote’s nuclear region called?
Nucleoid
What are eukaryotic cells?
Cells that have membrane bound organelles and a nucleus
Explain cellular organization.
Eukaryotic cells make tissues, tissues make organs, organs make organ systems, and organ systems make organisms.
What makes up the cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer and proteins
What are integral proteins?
Proteins imbedded within the bilayer
What are peripheral proteins?
Proteins that lie on one side of the membrane but are not embedded
What is phagocytosis?
They fuse with other vesicles formed around material that has entered the cell, allowing the digestion of the vesicles contents
What is autophagy?
Lysosomes are use to break down parts of the cell such as worn out organelles
In autophagy, what happens to the part of the cell that is going to be broken down?
It is surrounded by a double membrane then it fuses with a lysosome
What is autolysis?
The self destruction of a cell by release of the contents of lysosomes within the cells
What work together to transport proteins to their destinations inside and outside the cell?
The rough ER, the Golgi apparatus, and vesicles
What three types of proteins are the cytoskeleton made of?
Microtubules, micro filaments, and intermediate filaments
What does the cell wall do?
Supports and protects the cell
Tell what happens to the surface:volume ratio of a cell as the cell gets bigger.
The surface:volume ratio gets smaller
Name the structures listed above that are found only in plant cells.
Central vacuole, plastids, cell wall, and plasmodesmota
Describe the structure of chloroplast.
It’s a double membrane bound organelle
What are ribosomes made of? How many subunits do they contain?
Attached to rough ER. Two subunits.
Vesicles arrive at the Golgi apparatus from the _______. What happens to the content of these vesicles? What happens to the vesicles that pinch off the Golgi complex?
Rough ER…
Describe the structure of cilia and flagella.
Hair like structures projecting from the cell. Made of microtubuals.
Name the structures listed above that are only found in animal cells.
Lysosomes, centrioles, flagella, cilia, and desmosomes.
Nucleolus
Synthesizes ribosomal RNA.
Vacuoles
Membranous sacs similar to but larger than vesicles.
Ribosomes
Read the code in mRNA and synthesize protein accordingly
Rough ER
the presence of ribosomes on the membrane makes it rough.
Prepares proteins for export or insertion into the cell membrane.
Smooth ER
No ribosomes are connected making it smooth.
connected to rough endoplasmic reticula.
function varies depending on cell type
builds lipid compounds such as phospholipids, steroids, and fatty acids, liver cells helps detoxify drugs
