Chapter 4&5

Question 0

Does the smaller or larger object have the greatest surface to volume ratio?

Answer 0

Smaller

Question 1

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

Answer 1

All organisms are made up of cells
Cells are the smallest unit of living matter
Cells come only from pre-existing cells

Question 2

What does every cell have?

Answer 2

Plasma membrane

Question 3

What are the three basic parts of a cell?

Answer 3

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 4

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Cells with no membrane bound organelles or nucleus

Question 5

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 5

Barrier between the inside and out of the cell

Question 6

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 6

Region of the cell on the inside of the plasma membrane that includes the fluid, cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles

Question 7

What is the nucleus?

Answer 7

A double membrane bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA

Question 8

What is a prokaryote’s nuclear region called?

Answer 8

Nucleoid

Question 9

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 9

Cells that have membrane bound organelles and a nucleus

Question 10

Explain cellular organization.

Answer 10

Eukaryotic cells make tissues, tissues make organs, organs make organ systems, and organ systems make organisms.

Question 11

What makes up the cell membrane?

Answer 11

Phospholipid bilayer and proteins

Question 12

What are integral proteins?

Answer 12

Proteins imbedded within the bilayer

Question 13

What are peripheral proteins?

Answer 13

Proteins that lie on one side of the membrane but are not embedded

Question 14

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 14

They fuse with other vesicles formed around material that has entered the cell, allowing the digestion of the vesicles contents

Question 15

What is autophagy?

Answer 15

Lysosomes are use to break down parts of the cell such as worn out organelles

Question 16

In autophagy, what happens to the part of the cell that is going to be broken down?

Answer 16

It is surrounded by a double membrane then it fuses with a lysosome

Question 17

What is autolysis?

Answer 17

The self destruction of a cell by release of the contents of lysosomes within the cells

Question 18

What work together to transport proteins to their destinations inside and outside the cell?

Answer 18

The rough ER, the Golgi apparatus, and vesicles

Question 19

What three types of proteins are the cytoskeleton made of?

Answer 19

Microtubules, micro filaments, and intermediate filaments

Question 20

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 20

Supports and protects the cell

Question 21

Tell what happens to the surface:volume ratio of a cell as the cell gets bigger.

Answer 21

The surface:volume ratio gets smaller

Question 22

Name the structures listed above that are found only in plant cells.

Answer 22

Central vacuole, plastids, cell wall, and plasmodesmota

Question 23

Describe the structure of chloroplast.

Answer 23

It’s a double membrane bound organelle

Question 24

What are ribosomes made of? How many subunits do they contain?

Answer 24

Attached to rough ER. Two subunits.

Question 25

Vesicles arrive at the Golgi apparatus from the _______. What happens to the content of these vesicles? What happens to the vesicles that pinch off the Golgi complex?

Answer 25

Rough ER…

Question 26

Describe the structure of cilia and flagella.

Answer 26

Hair like structures projecting from the cell. Made of microtubuals.

Question 27

Name the structures listed above that are only found in animal cells.

Answer 27

Lysosomes, centrioles, flagella, cilia, and desmosomes.

Question 28

Nucleolus

Answer 28

Synthesizes ribosomal RNA.

Question 29

Vacuoles

Answer 29

Membranous sacs similar to but larger than vesicles.

Question 30

Ribosomes

Answer 30

Read the code in mRNA and synthesize protein accordingly

Question 31

Rough ER

Answer 31

the presence of ribosomes on the membrane makes it rough.

Prepares proteins for export or insertion into the cell membrane.

Question 32

Smooth ER

Answer 32

No ribosomes are connected making it smooth.
connected to rough endoplasmic reticula.
function varies depending on cell type
builds lipid compounds such as phospholipids, steroids, and fatty acids, liver cells helps detoxify drugs