Chapter 4

Question 1

Federalism

Answer 1

the division of power between a central government and regional governments.

Question 2

Dual Federalism

Answer 2

powers of the national government and states are clearly differentiated. (Layer-Cake Metaphor)

Question 3

States rights

Answer 3

The idea that all rights not specifically conferred on the national government by the U.S. Constitution are reserved to the states.

Question 4

Implied powers

Answer 4

Those powers that Congress needs to execute its enumerated powers.

Question 5

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 5

much overlap between state powers and national powers (Marble-Cake Metaphor)

Question 6

Elastic clause

Answer 6

The last clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the means to execute its enumerated powers(forth the authority of Congress) This clause is the basis for Congress’s implied powers. Also called the necessary and proper clause.

Question 7

Commerce clause

Answer 7

The third clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to regulate commerce(able to regulate) among the states.

Question 8

Grants-in-Aid

Answer 8

money provided by one level of government to another to be spent for a given purpose.

Question 9

• Categorical grants, formula grants, project grants, and block grants

Answer 9

Block grants: Grants-in-aid awarded for general purposes, allowing the recipient great discretion in spending the grant money.
Categorical grants: Grants-in-aid targeted for a specific purpose by either formula or project.Project grants: Categorical grants awarded on the basis of competitive applications submitted by prospective recipients to perform a specific task or function.Formula grants: Categorical grants distributed according to a particular set of rules, called a formula, that specify who is eligible for the grants and how much each eligible applicant will receive.

Question 10

Mandate

Answer 10

a requirement that a state undertake an activity to provide a service, in keeping with minimum national standards

Question 11

Unfunded Mandates

Answer 11

the national government imposing requirements without providing the financial support needed to satisfy them.

Question 12

Policy entrepreneurs

Answer 12

: Citizens, interest groups and official inside government who attempt to persuade others to accept a particular view of the proper balance of freedom, order, and equality.