Chapter 4

Question 1

igneous rocks

Answer 1

rocks made from molten rock that cools and solidifies

Question 2

metamorphic rock

Answer 2

rock that has been structurally or chemically transformed by high pressure or heat that was not quite high enough to melt it

Question 3

sedimentary rock

Answer 3

made by the gradual compression of sediments, such as sand and silt at the bottoms of seas and swamps

Question 4

mineral

Answer 4

rocky substance with a particular chemical composition and crystal structure

Question 5

basalt

Answer 5

dark, dense, igneous rock that is commonly produced by the undersea volcanoes and that is rich in iron and magnesium-based silicate minerals

Question 6

fossils

Answer 6

relics of organisms that lived and died long ago

Question 7

mineralogical analysis

Answer 7

generally means identifying the mineral present in a rock

Question 8

chemical analysis

Answer 8

generally means determining the elemental or molecular composition of a rock or mineral.chemical analysis can tell what percentages of a rock consist of iron, silicon, carbon, or other elements

Question 9

isotopic analysis

Answer 9

generally means determining the ratio of different isotopes of elements in a rock.

Question 10

radiometric dating

Answer 10

process of determining the age of a rock by comparing the present amount of a radioactive substance to the amount of its decay product