Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Natural Science > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cosmic address

A

earth is in the solar system which is in the milky way galaxy which is in the local group which is a part of the local supercluster which is in the universe/cosmos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

dark matter

A

matter that we infer to exist due to its gravitational effects but from which we haven’t detected any light; it apparently dominates the total mass of the universe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dark energy

A

the name sometimes given to energy that could be causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the big bang

A

the scientific theory of the universe’s earliest moments, states that all the matter in our observable universe came into being at a single moment in time as an extremely hot, dense mixture of subatomic particles and radiation; prediction that universe’s chemical composition should be about 3/4 hydrogen, 1/4 helium and observations show that this is a close match to the overall chemical composition of the universe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nuclear fusion

A

process where two (or more) smaller nuclei slam together and make one larger nucleus; 4 hydrogen nuclei are needed to make 1 helium nucleus; stars do this a lot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

observable universe

A

the portion of the entire universe that we can potentially observe- consists only of objects that lie within 15 billion light-years of earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

terrestrial planets

A

earthlike; made mostly of rock and metal; smaller in size and mass; higher density; solid surface; few if any moons and no rings; closer ot the sun and closer together with warmer surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

jovian planets

A

larger in size and mass, lower density; made mostly of hydrogen, helium, and hydrogen compounds; no solid surface; rings and many moons; farther from the sun (and farther apart), with cool temperatures at cloud tops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

asteroid

A

made of metal and rock mostly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

comet

A

made mostly from rock and ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

asteroid belt

A

region where most asteroids orbit; between Mars and Jupiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Kuiper belt

A

region beyond Neptune; where Pluto and Eris + other small objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oort cloud

A

in the Kuiper belt; trillions of comets orbut the Sun with random inclinations, orbital directions, and eccentricities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nebular Theory

A

asteroids and comets are leftovers; solar nebula was hottest near protostar, coolest farther away; “frost line” defined as the distance from protostar at which ices could condense; asteroids and terrestrial planets formed inside frost line; comets and jovian planets formed past the frost line; after formation jovian planets can migrate (through gravitational intereractions) into the inner solar system of some stars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

charge of a proton?

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

charge of an electron

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

charge of a neutron

A

neutral

18
Q

ion

A

atoms that lose or gain electrons and then obtain a net electrical charge.

19
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons

20
Q

atomic mass

A

number of protons and neutrons

21
Q

isotope

A

version of an element with different number of neutrons

22
Q

ionization

A

stripping of electrons; changing of atoms into plasma

23
Q

allowed transitions

A

changes corresponding to a change in energy levels

24
Q

molecule

A

two or more atoms

25
Q

dissociation

A

breaking of molecules into atoms

26
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy of motion; examples: falling rocks, orbiting planets

27
Q

radiative energy

A

energy carried by light; ex: light molecules in our eyes that allow us to see. sun’s warming of the earth’s surface

28
Q

potential energy

A

stored energy; ex: rock perched on a ledge has gravitational potential energy, gasoline contains chemical potential energy that can be converted into kinetic energy of the moving car.

29
Q

wavelength

A

distance between adjacent peaks of the electric or magnetic field

30
Q

frequency

A

the rate at which the electric and magnetic fields change; unit is Hz

31
Q

energy

A

what makes matter move

32
Q

speed of light

A

300,000 km/s, 186,000 mi/s

33
Q

photon

A

“piece” of light

34
Q

accretion

A

the process by which particles stick together and grow larger

35
Q

order of electromagnetic spectrum from longest to shortest

A

radio, IR, visible, UV, x-ray, gamma

36
Q

continuous spectrum

A

a spectrum of light that spans a broad range of wavelengths without interruption by emission or absorption lines

37
Q

emission spectrum

A

a spectrum that contains emission lines

38
Q

absorption spectrum

A

a spectrum that contains absorption lines

39
Q

thermal radiation

A

the spectrum of radiation produced by an opaque object that depends only on the object’s temperature;

40
Q

polarization

A

the direction in which a light wave is vibrating; reflection can change the polarization of light

Natural Science (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions