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Org Chem 1 @ AACC > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

define hydrocarbon

A

a hydrocarbon is a compound comprised of carbon and hydrogen atoms only

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2
Q

what is a saturated hydrocarbon?

A

a saturated hydrocarbon contains no pi bonds

(saturated = as many hydrogens as possible)

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3
Q

IUPAC stands for?

IUPAC nomenclature

A

international union of pure & applied chemistry

standardized words for describing chemicals

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4
Q

describe an alkane (in words)

A

an alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon

it is H & C, with no pi bonds

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5
Q

1 (prefix)

A

meth

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6
Q

2 (prefix)

A

eth

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7
Q

3

(prefix)

A

prop

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8
Q

4

(prefix)

A

but

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9
Q

5

(prefix)

A

pent

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10
Q

6

(prefix)

A

hex

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11
Q

7

(prefix)

A

hept

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12
Q

8

(prefix)

A

oct

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13
Q

9

(prefix)

A

non

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14
Q

10

(prefix)

A

dec

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15
Q

11

(prefix)

A

undec

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16
Q

12

(prefix)

A

dodec

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17
Q

13

(prefix)

A

tridec

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18
Q

14

(prefix)

A

tetradec

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19
Q

15

(prefix)

A

pentadec

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20
Q

20

(prefix)

A

eicos

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21
Q

30

(prefix)

A

triacont

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22
Q

40

(prefix)

A

tetracont

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23
Q

50

(prefix)

A

pentacont

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24
Q

100

(prefix)

A

hect

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25
Q

meth?

A

1

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26
Q

eth?

A

2

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27
Q

prop?

A

3

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28
Q

but?

A

4

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29
Q

pent?

A

5

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30
Q

hex?

A

6

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31
Q

hept?

A

7

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32
Q

oct?

A

8

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33
Q

non?

A

9

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34
Q

dec?

A

10

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35
Q

undec?

A

11

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36
Q

dodec?

A

12

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37
Q

tridec?

A

13

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38
Q

tetradec

A

14

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39
Q

pentadec

A

15

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40
Q

eicos

A

20

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41
Q

triacont

A

30

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42
Q

tetracont

A

40

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43
Q

pentacont

A
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44
Q

hect

A

100

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45
Q

cyclo means?

A

cyclo means ring

46
Q

alkane with 1 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

methane

47
Q

alkane with 2 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

ethane

48
Q

alkane with 3 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

propane

49
Q

alkane with 4 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

butane

50
Q

alkane with 5 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

pentane

51
Q

alkane with 6 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

hexane

52
Q

alkane with 7 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

heptane

53
Q

alkane with 8 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

octane

54
Q

alkane with 9 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

nonane

55
Q

alkane with 10 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

decane

56
Q

alkane with 20 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

eicosane

57
Q

alkane with 50 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

pentacontane

58
Q

alkane with 100 carbon atom in parent chain is called?

A

hectane

59
Q

what are substituents?

A

substituents are groups connected to the parent chain

60
Q

naming of alkanes – base

A

find the longest parent (might be a ring)

if multiple possibilities, find the one with the most substituents

61
Q

cyclopropane

A
62
Q

cyclobutane

A
63
Q

cyclopentane

A
64
Q

what are alkyl groups?

A

substituents on an alkane

65
Q
A

ethyl group

66
Q
A

methyl group

67
Q
A

cyclopropyl

68
Q
A

propyl

69
Q

common name for:

A

isopropyl

70
Q

common name for:

A

sec-butyl

71
Q

common name for:

A

isobutyl

72
Q

common name for:

A

tert-butyl

73
Q

common name for:

A

isopentyl

OR

isoamyl

74
Q

common name for:

A

neopentyl

75
Q

draw a neopentyl group

A
76
Q

draw an isopentyl group

A
77
Q

draw a tert-butyl group

A
78
Q

draw an isobutyl group

A
79
Q

draw an isoamyl group

A
80
Q

draw a sec-butyl group

A
81
Q

draw an isopropyl group

A
82
Q

what is a locant?

A

a locant is the # assigned to a carbon in a parent or substituent

83
Q

how do you name a bicyclic compound?

A
  1. count the total number of carbons – this gives you the bicycloXane
  2. place a #1 at a bridgehead and number the rest of the carbons from there
  3. count how many carbons are on either side of the bridgeheads (not counting the bridgeheads!) –> both sides and the bridge!
  4. from largest # to smallest number,

bicyclo[Y,W,Z]Xane

(ex: bibcyclop(3,1,1)heptane)

84
Q

what is a bicyclic compound?

A

a bicylic compound is a compound containing two fused rings

(bi = two, cyclic = ring)

(ex: bicyclo[1,1,1]pentane)

85
Q

as molecular size (weight) of alkanes increases, the number of constitutional isomers possible ________

A

increases

86
Q

describe COMBUSTION for an alkane

A

combustion:

alkane + oxygen –> CO2 + water

(compresion –> heat)

87
Q

during combustion, a more stable isomer of an alkane gives off ________ heat energy

A

less

88
Q

during combustion, a less stable isomer of an alkane gives off ________ heat energy

A

more

89
Q

branched alkane isomers are ________ stable than straight-chain isomers

A

more

90
Q

what is the heat of combustion?

A

it is the heat given off to the surrounding environment during combustion (burning)

91
Q

what is petroleum?

A

petroleum is a complex mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons, most of which are alkanes

a.k.a. crude oil

92
Q

what is refining?

A

refining is the process of separating crude oil (pretroleum) into commercially available products

93
Q

what is cracking?

A

cracking is the process of breaking C-C bonds in larger alkanes, to produce smaller alkanes (more suitable for gasoline)

94
Q

what are the 2 types of cracking?

A

thermal cracking (high temp)

catalyst cracking (aid of catalysts)

95
Q

what is reforming?

A

reforming is converting straight-chain alkanes into branched hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds

96
Q

what is knocking?

A

knocking happens in the engine when there are too many straight-chain hydrocarbons in the gasoline. branched & aromatic hydrocarbons are mixed in to reduce the likelihood of knocking.

97
Q

draw a Newman Proejction with a staggered conformation

A
98
Q

draw a Newman projection with an eclipsed conformaion

A
99
Q

if two conformations have the same energy level, they are said to be __________

A

degenerate

100
Q

what is torsional strain?

A

torsional strain is the the difference in energy between the staggered and eclipsed conformations

101
Q

Newman Projections

what is the energy cost of an eclipsed H-H?

A

4 kJ/mol

102
Q

Newman Projections

what is the energy cost of an eclipsed H-CH3?

A

6 kJ/mol

103
Q

Newman Projections

what is the energy cost of an eclipsed CH3-CH3?

A

11 kJ/mol

104
Q

Newman Projections

what is the energy cost of a gauche CH3-CH3?

A

3.8 kJ/mol

105
Q

draw the chair conformations of cyclohexane

A
106
Q

draw the chair conformation of cyclohexane and note with positions are axial and which are equatorial

A
107
Q

what does cis mean with respect to cyclohexane?

A

both of the identical groups are on the same face

108
Q

what does trans mean with respect to cyclohexane?

A

the identical groups are on opposite faces

109
Q

draw the chair conformation of cyclohexane and mark one cis face. which positions are on the cis face & which positions would be opposite that side (trans)?

A
110
Q

CHART

A
111
Q
A

Org Chem 1 @ AACC (7 decks)

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