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Org Chem 1 @ AACC > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a Bronsted-Lowry Acid?

A

a Bronsted-Lowry acid is a proton donor

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2
Q

what is a Bronsted-Lowry Base?

A

a Bronsted-Lowry Base is a proton acceptor

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3
Q

which one is the acid, the base, the conjugate acid, and the conjugate base?

A
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4
Q

what is a reaction mechanism?

A

a reaction mechanism is how the reaction occurs in terms of the (real!) motion of electrons

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5
Q

What is Keq? (also formula?)

A

Keq is the equilibrium constant of a reaction. It describes the moment when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, in terms of the concentrations of products and reactants.

Keq = [products]

​ [reactants]

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6
Q

what is Ka? (also formula)

A

Ka is another way of expressing Keq

Ka = [products]without water

[reactants]

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7
Q

what’s the equation for pKa?

A

pKa = -log(Ka)

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8
Q

are lower or higher pKa values more acidic?

A

lower

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9
Q

a stronger acid generates a ___________ conjugate base

A

weaker

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10
Q

a weaker acid generates a ____________ conjugate base

A

stronger

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11
Q

a stronger base generates a _________ conjugate acid

A

weaker

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12
Q

a weaker base generates a ___________ conjugate acid

A

stronger

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13
Q

the equilibrium of a reaction will always favor the __________ acid

A

weaker

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14
Q

the equilibrium of a reaction will always favor the ___________ base

A

stronger

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15
Q

what does this symbol mean?

A

the position of equilibrium favors the right side

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16
Q

a weaker acid has a _________ pKa value

A

higher

17
Q

a stronger acid has a __________ pKa value

A

lower

18
Q

reaction equilibrium will favor the side where the pKa (of the acid) is __________

A

higher

19
Q

why are some reaction equilibriums written —> or <— ?

A

because they essentially proceed in only one direction

(because of a vast different in pKa of the acids)

20
Q

the ___________ base indicates the side the reaction will favor

A

more stable

21
Q

a more stable conjugate base indicates a _______ acid, which will drive the reaction _________

A

stronger

towards the conjugate base

22
Q

conjugate bases frequently bear a __________ charge (proton ________)

A

negative

donor

23
Q

conjugate acids frequently bear a __________ charge (proton ________)

A

positive

acceptor

24
Q

How do you determine which base is more stable?

A

ARIO-S

A: ATOM: more massive atoms bearing a negative charge are more stable

more electronegative atoms bearing a negative charge are more stable

(mass > electronegativity)

R: RESONANCE: resonance makes more stable

I: INDUCTION: induction from nearby electronegative atoms makes a base more stable

O: ORBITAL: smaller orbitals are more stable when bearing an electron

S: STERICALLY HINDERED: the less bulky (# of different connections) base is more stable

25
Q

a Lewis acid is an ____________

A

electron acceptor

26
Q

a Lewis Base is an ___________

A

electron donor

27
Q

when do we use Lewis acids/bases?

A

to discuss acid-base reactions that do not involve hydrogen as an active part of the reaction

28
Q

which base is more stable?: explain A

A

a more massive atom can distribute the - charge over the whole atom, making it more stable

mass > (dominant effect) electronegativity

a more electronegative atom is more stable when bearing a - charge (electron)

29
Q

which base is more stable?: explain R

A

resonance structures are more stable because the charges are delocalized (spread out over entire molecule)

30
Q

which base is more stable?: explain I

A

induction from nearby (highly electronegative) atoms helps to create a more stable base

electronegative atoms induce a stronger partial charge, helping to make the area near the electron more positive, so that it can hold the electron more strongly

31
Q

which base is more stable?: explain O

A

smaller orbitals are more stable when bearing an electron because the electron’s orbital is closer to the nucleus

32
Q

which base is more stable?: explain S

A

the less bulky base is more stable

the less bulky (less sterically hindered) based can accommodate more solvent reactions and is therefore more stable

(tert-butanol is more bulky)

33
Q

define sterically hindered

A

a sterically hindered compound can accommodate fewer solvent reactions

sterically hindered –> less stable

(tert-butanol is more sterically hindered)

Org Chem 1 @ AACC (7 decks)

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