Chapter 4 Flashcards
Learning
A relatively permanent change in behavior acquired through experience.
Classical conditioning
The process of learning by which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response identical or similar to the one that was originally elicited by another stimulus as the result of the pairing or association of the two stimuli
Unconditioned response
An unlearned response to a stimulus.
Neutral stimulus
He stimulus that before conditioning does not produce a particular response.
Conditioned response
And acquired or learned response to a conditioned stimulus.
Conditioned stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Extinction
The gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response.
Spontaneous recovery
The spontaneous return of a conditioned response following extinction
Reconditioning
The process of relearning a conditioned response following extinction
Phobias
Excessive fear is of particular objects or situations
Behavioral therapy
A form of therapy that combines behavioral and cognitive treatment techniques
Conditioned taste aversions
Aversions to particular taste acquired through classical conditioning.
Operant conditioning
The process of learning in which the consequences of a response determine the probability that the response will be repeated.
Skinner box
An experimental apparatus developed by B.F.Skinner for studying relationships between reinforcement and behavior.
Positive reinforcement
The strengthening of a response through the introduction of a stimulus after the response occurs
Negative reinforcement
The strengthening of a response through the removal of the stimulus after the response occurs
Punishment
The introduction of an aversive stimulus or the removal of the reinforcing stimulus after a response occurs, which leads to the weakening or suppression of the response.
Cognitive learning
Learning that occurs without the opportunity of first performing the learned response or being reinforced for it.
Latent learning
Learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement and that is not displayed until reinforcement is provided
Observational learning
Learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others (also called vicarious learning)
Unconditioned stimulus
A stimulus that elicits and unlearned response.
