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Science > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Teeth?

A

Bite and chew your food to break down into smaller pieces.

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2
Q

Mouth?

A

Food and Saliva are mixed. Teeth mechanically break down food.

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3
Q

Tongue?

A

Involved in rolling food into a round ball called a bolus that is pushed to the back of your mouth to be swallowed.

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4
Q

Salivary Glands?

A

Produce 1.5 litres a day. Saliva contains enzymes that begin breaking down starch in food.

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5
Q

Epiglottis?

A

A flap of tissue that closes off your trachea so that food doesn’t go down to lungs.

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6
Q

Oesophagus?

A

Carries food to the stomach using peristalsis.

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7
Q

Gall Bladder?

A

Bile made in the liver is stored here to break up fat into small droplets to be transported to the rest of the body.

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8
Q

Liver?

A

Largest internal organ. Makes bile which breaks down fat, control blood sugar, destroys poison, stores Vitamin A, Vitamin D and iron.

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9
Q

Pancreas?

A

Makes pancreatic juice (alkaline) which neutralises stomach acid. Enzymes that break down proteins, fats and carbohydrates are made here.

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10
Q

Stomach?

A

Temporary food storage area, expands to hold up to 4 litres of food. Muscle movements in stomach wall mix food with gastric juice to break down proteins. Hydrochloric acid which kills germs.

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11
Q

Small Intestine?

A

6m long. Food moves through by peristalsis. Makes last of the enzymes. Cells in wall release mucus and water. Nutrients are absorbed into bloodstream and carries nutrients to all body cells.

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12
Q

Large intestine?

A

Undigested material is stored here. Water, salts, vitamins and sugars are absorbed for reuse.

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13
Q

Rectum?

A

Final part of large intestine. Faeces are stored.

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14
Q

Anus?

A

Faeces pass through here when you go to the toilet.

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15
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Physical digestion involves physically breaking down the food into smaller pieces.

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16
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Involves the use of chemicals called enzymes to break down food into small molecules. They pass through small intestine walls into bloodstream. Fasten up process.

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17
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Series of wave like muscle contractions that move food to different processing stations. Begins in oesophagus when bolus is swallowed.

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18
Q

What are incisors?

A

Act like scissors. Bite and cut food. Found at front.

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19
Q

What are canines?

A

Fang like. Tear and grasp food. Rip and tear meat.

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20
Q

What are molars and premolars?

A

Grind and crush food. Found at back.

21
Q

Enzyme 1?

A

Enzymes that break down carbohydrates into glucose are amylases.

22
Q

Enzyme 2?

A

Enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids are proteases.

23
Q

Enzyme 3?

A

Enzymes that break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol and lipases.

24
Q

What are villi?

A

Villi are microscopic finger like projections lining the small intestine. They increase absorption of food molecules into blood.

25
Q

What is the key role of your digestive system?

A

To supply your body with the nutrients it requires to function effectively.
The alimentary canal is the main digestive highway and begins at mouth and ends at anus.

26
Q

What can the average sized heart hold?

A

5L of blood.

27
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, blood platelets, plasma.

28
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

Contain a nucleus, and are larger and fewer than red blood cells. Fight disease.

29
Q

What are platelets?

A

Help blood clot and plug the damaged blood vessel.

30
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

Contain the pigment haemoglobin, which makes it red. They transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from tissues.

31
Q

What is the circulatory systems role?

A

Responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to your body cells, and wastes like carbon dioxide away from them.

32
Q

What are arteries?

A

Thick blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from heart to body cells.

33
Q

What are veins?

A

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.

34
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Smallest blood vessel. Transport substances and nutrients to cells.

35
Q

Heart Pumps?

A

2 pumps. One side contains oxygenated blood and the other deoxygenated blood.

36
Q

Human heart chambers?

A

Four chambers. Upper two - left atrium, right atrium. Lower two - left ventricle, right ventricle.

37
Q

What are valves?

A

Flap like structures attached to heart walls. Prevent blood from flowing backwards. Open and close to receive and discharge blood.

38
Q

Heart technology?

A

Artificial heart, external battery, internal battery, small electronic device.

39
Q

Cellular respiration equation?

A

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy.

40
Q

What is the main role of the Respiritory system?

A

To send oxygen into your body and carbon dioxide out. Inhale and exhale.

41
Q

Respiratory system order?

A

Air - nose - mouth - throat - larynx (voice box) - trachea - bronchus - bronchiole - alveoli.

42
Q

Inhale process?

A

Breathe in, air moves down your trachea, to bronchi and into bronchioles, which end in tiny air sacs called alveoli.

43
Q

Exhale process?

A

Once it reaches alveoli, carbon dioxide diffuses out of capillaries and goes into bronchiole, bronchi and trachea, until it exits through your nose.

44
Q

Breathe in?

A

Diaphragm tightens - lungs expand.

45
Q

Breathe out?

A

Diaphragm relaxes - lungs reduce.

46
Q

What is asthma?

A

Respiratory condition in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. Triggered by an allergic reaction.

47
Q

What happens in the alveoli?

A

Freshly breathed air delivers oxygen to blood.

48
Q

What is the Digestive System Order?

A

In - Mouth - Oesophagus - Stomach - Small Intestine - Large Intestine - Anus - Out

Science (5 decks)

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