Chapter 4 Flashcards
Highly familiar stimuli elicit less vigorous reactions than do ______ stimuli.
novel
If the CS or US are highly familiar, learning occurs more _____ than if the CS or US are novel.
slowly
Another term for the latent-inhibition effect:
CS-preexposure effect
How does CS-preexposure affect learning?
CS-preexposure disrupts or retards learning
What is the CS-preexposure effect?
interference with conditioning due to repeated exposure to the CS before the conditioning trial.
What is the US-preexposure effect?
interference with conditioning due to repeated exposure to the US before the conditioning trial.
What are three ways to make stimuli more salient?
- make it more intense (attention-getting)
- make it more relevant to the biological needs of the organism
- make it similar to the kinds of stimuli an animal is likely to encounter in its natural environment
What does Kamin’s blocking effect suggest about the US?
the US being unexpected or surprising is an important factor in Pavlovian conditioning
Who is responsible for the Comparator Hypothesis?
Ralph Miller
The most obvious factor that determine the nature of the conditioned response (CR) is the:
US (unconditioned stimulus)
In Rescorla Wagner, what does α (or k) stand for?
it’s a constant related to the salience of the CS and US
In Rescorla Wagner, what does ∆V stand for?
the change in the associative value of a stimulus
In Rescorla Wagner, what does λ stand for?
the US that is delivered on a given trial (what occurs)
In Rescorla Wagner, what does V stand for?
the associative value of the stimuli that precede the US (what is expected)
The Rescorla and Wagner model formalized the notion of ____ as a learning factor.
surprise
