Chapter 4

Question 1

Define: experiment

Answer 1

A process that results in only one of many observations

Question 2

Define: outcomes

Answer 2

Results of an experiment

Question 3

Define: sample space

Answer 3

Collection of all outcomes of an experiment

Question 4

Define: venn diagram

Answer 4

Pictorial representation of sets where the sets are represented by enclosed areas in the plane. Sets are events.

Question 5

Sets in a venn diagram:

Answer 5

Universal - rectangle around all points. Represents the sample set.
Other sets - disks within the rectangle

Question 6

Define: tree diagram

Answer 6

Representation of a sequence of events.

Question 7

Define: event

Answer 7

Collection of one or more of the outcomes of an experiment

Question 8

Define: simple event

Answer 8

Only one of the final outcomes for an experiment

Question 9

Define: compound event

Answer 9

Collection of more than one outcome for an experiment

Question 10

Define: probability

Answer 10

Numerical measure of the likelihood that a specific event will occur

Question 11

Classical probability rule:

Answer 11

*** understand
P(E) = 1/total # of outcomes
P(A) = favourable to A/total # of outcomes

Question 12

Relative frequency concept of probability:

Answer 12

If an experimen is repeated n times and an event A is observed f (frequency) times, then P(A) = f/n

Question 13

Law of large numbers:

Answer 13

If an experiment is repeated again and again, the probability obtained approaches the actual or theoretical probability.

Question 14

Define: marginal probability

Answer 14

The probability of a single event without consideration of any other event.

Question 15

Define: conditional probability

Answer 15

The probability that an event will occur given that another has already occurred.
Probability of A given that B has already occurred - P(A|B)

Question 16

Define: mutually exclusive or disjoint events

Answer 16

Events that cannot occur together

Question 17

Define: independent events

Answer 17

The occurrence of one event does not change the probability of the occurrence of the other.
A and B are independent if 
P(A|B) = P(A) 
or 
P(B|A) = P(B)

Question 18

Define: complement

Answer 18

Complement of event A, denoted by A bar, is the event that includes all the outcomes for an experiment that are NOT in A.