Chapter 1

Question 1

Define: statistics

Answer 1

Numerical facts/The science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data; making decisions based on such analyses

Question 2

Define: descriptive statistics

Answer 2

Methods for organizing/displaying/describing data using tables/graphs/summary measures

Question 3

Define: inferential statistics

Answer 3

Methods that use sample results to make decisions or predictions about a population

Question 4

Define: population, target population

Answer 4

Population: all elements (individuals, objects) whose characteristics are being studied
Target population: the population being studied

Question 5

Define: census

Answer 5

A survey that includes every member of a population

Question 6

Define: sample survey

Answer 6

The technique of collecting information from a portion of a population

Question 7

Define: representative sample

Answer 7

A sample that represents the characteristics of a population as closely as possible

Question 8

Define: random sample

Answer 8

Each sample has an equal chance of being selected

Question 9

Define: simple random sampling

Answer 9

All samples of equal size have an equal chance of being selected

Question 10

Define: sampling without replacement

Answer 10

Do not put selected sample back into the population before selecting the next sample

Question 11

Define: sampling with replacement

Answer 11

Put selected sample back into the population before selecting the next sample

Question 12

Define: element/member

Answer 12

A specific thing about which information is collected

Question 13

Define: observation/measurement

Answer 13

Value of a variable

Question 14

Define: data set

Answer 14

Collection of observations on one or more variables

Question 15

Define: discrete variable

Answer 15

Can only assume certain values with no intermediate values - countable

Question 16

Define: continuous variable

Answer 16

Can assume any numerical value over an interval

Question 17

Breakdown of different variables:

Answer 17

Variable:

• Qualitative - discrete or continuous
• Quantitative/categorical

Question 18

Define: cross-section data

Answer 18

Data collected on different elements at the same point in time or range of time

Question 19

Define: time-series data

Answer 19

Data collected on the same element at different points in time or ranges of time