Chapter 4

Question 0

Environment

Answer 0

Every non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

Question 1

Behavior genetics

Answer 1

The study if the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up chromosomes

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable is synthesizing a protein

Question 5

Genome

Answer 5

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all genetic material in that organisms chromosomes

Question 6

Identical twins

Answer 6

Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms

Question 7

Fraternal twins

Answer 7

Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters but share a fetal environment

Question 8

Temperament

Answer 8

A persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 9

Heritability

Answer 9

The proportion of variation amount individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied

Question 10

Interaction

Answer 10

The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)

Question 11

Molecular genetics

Answer 11

The sub field of biology that studies molecular structure and function of genes

Question 12

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 12

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection.

Question 13

Natural selection

Answer 13

The principle, that among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Question 14

Mutation

Answer 14

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change

Question 15

Gender

Answer 15

In psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female

Question 16

Culture

Answer 16

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and transitions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

Question 17

Norm

Answer 17

An understood rule for accepted behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” behavior.

Question 18

Personal space

Answer 18

The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

Question 19

Individualism

Answer 19

Giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications

Question 20

Collectivism

Answer 20

Giving priority to goals of ones group (often ones extended family or work group) and defining ones identity accordingly

Question 21

Aggression

Answer 21

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

Question 22

X chromosome

Answer 22

The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.

Question 23

Y chromosome

Answer 23

The sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.

Question 24

Testosterone

Answer 24

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both makes and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Question 25

Role

Answer 25

A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

Question 26

Gender role

Answer 26

A set of expected behaviors for males or females

Question 27

Gender identity

Answer 27

Our sense of being male or female

Question 28

Gender typing

Answer 28

The a acquisition of a traditional masculine it feminine role

Question 29

Social learning theory

Answer 29

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished