Chapter 4

Question 1

Communicable (infectious) disease

Answer 1

an illness caused by some specific biological agent or its toxic products that can be transmitted from an infected person, animal, or inanimate reservoir to a susceptible host

Question 2

Noncommunicable disease (noninfectious disease)

Answer 2

A disease that cannot be transmitted from infected host to susceptible host

Question 3

infectivity

Answer 3

the ability of a biological agent to enter and grow in the host

Question 4

Pathogenicity

Answer 4

the capability of a communicable disease agent to cause disease in a susceptible host

Question 5

Communicable disease model

Answer 5

The minimal requirements for the occurrence and spread of communicable disease in a population-agent, host, and environment

Question 6

agent (pathogenic agent)

Answer 6

The cause of the disease or health problem

Question 7

Host

Answer 7

a person or other living organism that affords subsistence or lodgment to a communicable agent under natural conditions

Question 8

Chain of infection

Answer 8

a model to conceptualize the transmission of a communicable disease from its source to a susceptible host

Question 9

case

Answer 9

A person who is sick with a disease

Question 10

carrier

Answer 10

a person or animal that harbors a specific communicable agent in the absence of discernible clinical disease and serves as a potential source of infection

Question 11

Zoonosis

Answer 11

a communicable disease transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans

Question 12

Anthroponosis

Answer 12

a disease that infects only humans

Question 13

Direct transmission

Answer 13

the immediate transfer of an infectious agent by direct contact between infected and susceptible individuals

Question 14

indirect transmission

Answer 14

communicable disease transmission involving and intermediate step

Question 15

Vehicle

Answer 15

an inanimate material or object that can serve as a source of infection

Question 16

Vector

Answer 16

a living organism, usually an arthropod (e.g. mosquito, tick, louse, or flea) that can transmit a communicable agent to susceptible host

Question 17

Etiology

Answer 17

the cause of disease

Question 18

Multicausation disease model

Answer 18

A visual representation of the host together with various internal and external factors that promote and protect against disease.

Question 19

Prevention

Answer 19

the planning for and taking of action to forestall the onset of a disease or other health problem

Question 20

Intervention

Answer 20

efforts to control a disease in progress

Question 21

Eradication

Answer 21

the complete elimination or uprooting of a disease

Question 22

Primary prevention

Answer 22

preventive measures that forestall the onset of illness or injury during the pre-pathogenesis period

Question 23

Tertiary prevention

Answer 23

measures aimed at rehabilitation following significant pathogenesis

Question 24

Isolation

Answer 24

the separation of infected persons from those who are susecptible

Question 25

quarantine

Answer 25

limitation of freedom of movement of those who have been exposed to a disease and may be incubating it

Question 26

Disinfection

Answer 26

the killing of communicable disease agents outside the host, on counter tops, for example.

Question 27

bloodborne pathogens

Answer 27

disease agents, such as HIV, that are transmissible in blood and other body fluids

Question 28

Bloodborne pathogens standard

Answer 28

a set of regulations promulgated by OSHA that sets forth the responsibilities of employers and employees with regard to precautions to be taken concerning bloodborne pathogens in the workplace

Question 29

Unmodifiable risk factors

Answer 29

factors contributing to the development of a noncommunicable disease that cannot be altered by modifying one's behavior or environment

Question 30

Modifiable risk factors

Answer 30

contributors of a noncommunicable disease that can be altered by changing one's behavior or environment