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Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Epidemiology

A

the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified population and the application of this study to control health problems

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2
Q

Epidemic

A

an unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related event in a particular population.

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3
Q

Endemic disease

A

a disease that occurs regularly in a population as a matter of course.

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4
Q

Epidemiologist

A

one who practices epidemiology

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5
Q

Pandemic

A

an outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area such as a continent.

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6
Q

Cases

A

people afflicted with a disease.

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7
Q

Rate

A

the number of events that occur in a given population in a given period of time

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8
Q

Natality (birth) rate

A

The number of live births divided by the total population

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9
Q

Morbidity rate

A

the number of people who are sick divided by the total population at risk.

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10
Q

Mortality (fatality) rate

A

the number of deaths in a population divided by the total population

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11
Q

Population at risk

A

Those in the population who susceptible to particular disease or condition.

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12
Q

incidence rate

A

the number of new health-related events or cases of a disease divided by the total number in the population at risk

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13
Q

Acute disease

A

a disease that lasts three months or less.

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14
Q

Attack rate

A

an incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak and expressed as a percentage.

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15
Q

Prevalence rate

A

the number of new and old cases of a disease in a population in a given period of time, divide by the total number in that population

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16
Q

Chronic disease

A

a disease or health condition that lasts longer than 3 months.

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17
Q

Crude rate

A

a rate in which the denominator includes the total population.

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18
Q

crude birth rate

A

the number of live births per 1,000 in a population in a given period of time.

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19
Q

Crude death rate (CDR)

A

The number of deaths (from all causes) per 1,000 in a population in a given period of time.

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20
Q

Age-adjusted rate

A

a rate used to make comparisons across groups and over time when groups differ in age structure.

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21
Q

Specific rate

A

a rate that measures morbidity or mortality for particular populations or diseases.

22
Q

Cause-specific mortality rate (CSMR)

A

the death rate due to a particular disease

23
Q

Case fatality rate (CFR)

A

the percentage of cases of a particular disease that result in death.

24
Q

Proportionate mortality ratio (PMR)

A

the percentage of overall mortality in a population that is attributable to a particular cause.

25
Notifiable diseases
diseases for which health official request or require reporting for public health reasons.
26
National Electronics Telecommunications Systems (NETS)
The electronic reporting system used by state health departments and the cdc
27
Life expectancy
The average number of years a person from a specific cohort is projected to live from a given point in time.
28
Years of potential life lost (YPLL)
The number of years lost when death occurs before the age of 65 or 75
29
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
a measure for the burden of disease that takes into account premature death an loss of healthy life resulting from disability
30
Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
The number of years of healthy life expected, on average, in a given population.
31
U.S. Census
the enumeration of the population of the United States that is conducted every ten years.
32
Vital statistics
statistical summaries of records of major life events such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, and infant deaths
33
Descriptive study
an epidemiological study that describes a disease with respect to a person, place and time.
34
Epidemic curve
a graphic display of the cases of disease according to the time or date of onset of symptoms
35
common source epidemic curve
a graphic display of a disease where each case can be traced to a single source of exposure
36
incubation period
the period between exposure to a disease and the onset of symptoms
37
Point source epidemic
a type of epidemic where all cases were exposed at the same point in time
38
Continuous source epidemic
a type of epidemic where cases are exposed to a common source over time
39
Propagated epidemic curve
an epidemic curve depicting a distribution of cases traceable to multiple sources of exposure
40
Analytic study
an epidemiological study aimed at testing hypotheses
41
Risk factors
factors that increase the probability of disease, injury, or death
42
Cross-sectional study
an observational study where information about exposure and disease are collected at the same time
43
Observational study
an analytic, epidemiological study in which the investigator observes the natural course of events, noting exposed and unexposed subjects and disease development.
44
Case/control study
a study that seeks to compare those diagnosed with a disease with those who do not have the disease for prior exposure to specific risk factors
45
Cohort study
an epidemiological study in which a cohort is classified by exposure to one or more specific risk factors and observed to determine the rates at which disease develops in each class
46
Cohort
a group of people who share some important demographic characteristic (year of birth, for example)
47
Odds ratio
a probability statement about the association between a particular disease and specific risk factor, resulting from a case/control study
48
relative risk
a statement of the relationship between the risk of acquiring a disease when a specific risk factor is present and the risk of acquiring that same disease when the risk factor is absent
49
experimental (interventional) studies
analytic studies in which the investigator allocates exposure or intervention and follows development of disease
50
placebo
a blank treatment

Health 3200 (2 decks)

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