Chapter 4

Question 1

A design for storing and managing files on a disk drive. They are associated with operating systems such as UNIX/Linux, Mac OS X, and Windows

Answer 1

File systems.

Question 2

An organizational structure that contains files and may additionally contain sub-directories (or folders) in it. In Unix/Linux, this is simply a special file on a disk drive that is used to house information about other data stored on a disk. In other systems, it is a “container object” that houses files and sub-folders. It contains information about files, such as file names, file sizes, date of creation, and file type.

Answer 2

Directory (Folders)

Question 3

Files characteristics stored with the file name in the disk directory, which specify certain storage and operational parameters associated with the file. Attributes are noted by the value of specific data bits associated with the file name. These include Hidden, Read-Only, Archive, and so on.

Answer 3

File Attributes

Question 4

The highest-level directory (or folder), with no directories above it in the structure of the files and directories in a file system.

Answer 4

Root Directory

Question 5

A software process that marks tracks and sectors on a disk. This is necessary before a disk can be partitioned and formatted.

Answer 5

Low-Level Formatting

Question 6

Concentric rings that cover an entire disk like grooves on a phonograph record. Each ring is divided into sectors in which to store data.

Answer 6

Tracks

Question 7

A portion of a disk track. They can be divided into equal parts of these portions.

Answer 7

Sector

Question 8

A hard disk configuration scheme in which the disk is divided into logical blocks, which in turn are mapped to sectors, heads, and tracks.

Answer 8

Block Allocation

Note: Whenever operating systems need to allocate some disk space, it allocates based on a block address.

Question 9

In Windows-based file systems, a logical block of information on a disk containing one or more sectors.

Answer 9

Cluster (Allocation Unit)

Question 10

Tracks that line up from top to bottom on the platters in a hard disk drive (like a stack of disk tracks).

Answer 10

Cylinders

Question 11

A file management system that defines the way data is stored on a disk drive. This stores information about the file size and physical location on the disk.

Answer 11

File Allocation Table (FAT)

Question 12

The file storage system that is the native system in Windows Versions starting with Windows NT.

Answer 12

New Technology File Systems (NTFS)

Question 13

Files that contain information about the actual data.

Answer 13

Metadata

Question 14

Blocking a group of tracks and sectoes to be used by a particular files system, such as FAT or NTFS. This is a hard disk management technique that permits the installation of multiple file systems on a single disk or the configuration of multiple logical heard drives that use the same file system on a single physical hard drive.

Answer 14

Partitioning

Question 15

A process that prepares a disk partition (or removable media) for a specific file system.

Answer 15

High-Level Formatting (also known as formatting)

Question 16

Hard drive in a computer that you can physically touch and that can be divided into one or more logical drives.

Answer 16

Physical Drive

Question 17

A software definition that divides a physical hard drives into multiple drives for file storage.

Answer 17

Logical Drive

Question 18

Table containing information about each partition on a disk. such as the type of partition size, and location. Also, the partition table provides information to the computer about how to access the disk.

Answer 18

Partition Table

Question 19

The Unix/Linux and Mac OS X equivalent of the Windows Master Boot Record (MBR), the area of the hard disk that stores partition information fo the disk.

Answer 19

Boot Block

Question 20

An area of a hard disk in MS-DOS and Windows that stores partition information bout that disk. These are not found on disks that do not support multiple partitions.

Answer 20

Master Boot Record (MBR)

Question 21

The logical portion of a hard disk drive that is currently being used to store data. In a PC system, the partition that contains the bootable operating system.

Answer 21

Active Partition

Question 22

An operating system command option that changes the way certain commands function. These are usually entered as one or more letters, separated from the main command by a forward slash (/) in Windows and by a dash (-) in Unix/Linux

Answer 22

Switch

Question 23

Used in FAT file systems so that when a file is written to disk, each cluster containing that file’s data has a pointer to the location of the next cluster of the data.

Answer 23

Linked List

Question 24

On a hard disk drive, areas of the surface that cannot be used to safely store data, They are usually identified by the format command or one of the hard drive utilities, such as chkdsk or e2fsck.

Answer 24

Bad Clusters

Question 25

Bits used as part of a directory entry to identify the type of file contained in each entry. The status bits in use are Volume, Directory, System, Hidden, Read-Only, and Archive.

Answer 25

Status Bits

Question 26

A series of characters that identify a disk drive or the file system it is using.

Answer 26

Volume Label

Question 27

Older-Style file name format in which the name of the file can be up to eight characters long, followed by a period and an extension of three characters.

Answer 27

8.3 Filenames

Question 28

In MS-DOS and Windows-based systems, that part of a filename that typically identifies the type of file associated with the name. These are typically three characters long.and include standard notations.

Answer 28

Extension

Question 29

A name for a file, folder, or directory in a file system in which the name can be up to 255 characters in length. These in Windows, Unix/Linux, and Mac OS systems are also POSIX compliant in that they honor uppercase and lowercase characters.

Answer 29

Long Filename (LFN)

Question 30

A 16-bit character code that allows for the definition of up to 65,536 characters.

Answer 30

Unicode

Question 31

In Windows versions starting with Windows XP, a file management system similar to the FAT and directories used in MS-DOS and earlier versions of Windows. This table is located at the beginning of the partition. The boot sector is located ahead of this, just as in the FAT system.

Answer 31

Master File Table (MFT)

Question 32

A UNIX standard designed to ensure portability of applications among various versions of UNIX

Answer 32

Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)

Question 33

The ability of a file system or software (such as database software) to track file changes so that if a system crashes unexpectedly, if is possible to reconstruct files or to roll back changes with minimal or no damage.

Answer 33

Journaling

Question 34

A procedure used by a file system that can detect a damaged disk area and then automatically copy information form that area to another disk area that is not damaged

Answer 34

Hot Fix

Question 35

A technique new to NTFS 5 so that shortcuts, such as those on the desktop, are not lost when files are moved to another volume.

Answer 35

Distributed Link Tracking

Question 36

Allocating a specific amount of disk space to a use or application with the ability to ensure that the user or application cannot use more disk space than is specified in the allocation.

Answer 36

Disk Quota

Question 37

A tool that rearranges data on a disk in a continuous fashion, ridding the disk of scattered open clusters.

Answer 37

Defragmenter

Question 38

A 32-bit file system used on CD-ROMs and DVDs.

Answer 38

CD-ROM File System (CFDS)

Question 39

A removable disk formatting standard used for large-capacity CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs.

Answer 39

Universal Disk Format