Chapter 4 Flashcards
Cocaine psychosis
A set of symptoms, including hallucinations, paranoia, and disordered thinking, produced by chronic use of cocaine
Formication
Hallucinatory behavior produced by chronic cocaine or amphetamine abuse, in which the individual feels insects or snakes crawling either over or under the skin
Kindling effect
A phenomenon in the brain that produces a heightened sensitivity to repeated administrations of some drugs, such as cocaine. This is the opposite effect of tolerance
Cocaine hydrochloride
The form of cocaine that is inhaled or injected into the bloodstream
Free base cocaine
Smokable form of cocaine
Crack
Smokable form of cocaine
Methamphetamine
A type of amphetamine once marked under the brand name Methedrine. Meth, speed, or crack.
Amphetamine
A family of ephedrine based stimulant drugs
Amphetamine psychosis
A set of symptoms, including hallucinations, paranoia, and disordered thinking, resulting from high doses of amphetamines.
Ice
Smokable form of methamphetamine hydrochloride. Crystal meth.
D-amphetamine
Shortened name of detextroamphetamine, a potent form of amphetamine marketed under the brand name Dexedrine
What shrub is cocaine derived from?
Coca shrub—
Scientific name for the coca shrub?
Erythroxolyn coca
When did Coca Cola de cocainize the drink?
1903
What popular physician raved about the wonders of cocaine?
Freud, which he experienced formication
If cocaine is injected or snorted, how long does it take to feel the effects?
Matter of seconds and lasts 5-10 minutes
What are the initial effects of cocaine if injected or smoked?
Powerful burst of energy
If cocaine is snorted, what are the initial effects??
Less intense burst of energy
How long does the sensation last if cocaine is snorted?
15-30 minutes
Panic attacks can occur
What happens to ones body while on cocaine?
Sudden elevation in the sympathetic branch of the ANS
Heart rate and respiration increases
Appetite diminishes
Blood pressure restricts, so blood pressure rises
Sympathetic arousal
Cardia arrhythmia may occur
What are the effects of coming down of cocaine?
Irritability, depression, can lead to thoughts of suicide
What are the effects of chronic cocaine use on sexual performance?
Decreased sexual performance and loss of desire. Drugs take the place of the sex
What are the physiological effects of cocaine?
Increased heart rate
Increased respiration
Dilated pupils
Increased blood pressure
What are some risks of cocaine use?
Heart failure
Cerebral hemorrhaging
Cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)
What is the nickname for the driving tendencies of an individual using cocaine?
Diagonal driving
What are some characteristics of cocaine abusers?
Irritable Depressed Paranoid May suffer from formication May suffer from cocaine psychosis Continual stuff or runny nose
What effect does cocaine have on your eating behavior and weight?
Leads to significant weight loss
Decreased appetite
What are some medical uses of cocaine?
Anesthetic for nasal, tear duct, and throat surgery
Local anesthetic is brief and requires reapplication to remain effective
What neurotransmitter does cocaine effect?
Dopamine.
It blocks reuptake and can lead to decline in experience of pleasure from any source
What is the kindling effect associated with cocaine?
Sensitization (the opposite of tolerance) to certain effects from repeated use
What are the dangers of the kindling effect?
Motor behavior and brain excitation that may result in brain seizures
Repeated exposure to cocaine can lower the threshold for seizures
Death from cocaine after the kindling effect may occur from low doses of cocaine
What are the different forms of coca?
Coca paste Cocaine hydrochloride Free base cocaine Crack cocaine Chewed leaves
What are the modes of administration for the different forms?
Smoke: free base or crack
Snort or inject: cocaine hydrochloride
What is a cheap form of cocaine in Argentina?
Paco
Treatments for cocaine abuse?
Impatient program Outpatient program Combined approach Cocaine anonymous Cognitive behavioral therapy
What is more potent d-amphetamine or l-amphetamine?
D-amphetamine
Amphetamine is a synthetic form of what?
Ephedrine
What was amphetamine used for in WWII?
To keep soldiers awake and alert
What neurotransmitter does amphetamine work on in the brain?
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Increases the release of both and slows down their reuptake
What are some physiological effect of amphetamine?
Faster breathing
Faster heart rate
Hyperthermia (increased body temp)
Elevated blood pressure
What are some other effects of amphetamine use?
Feeling of euphoria
Feeling if invincibility
Decreased appetite
Boosts in alertness and energy
What are some of the potential consequences of amphetamine use?
Convulsions
Chest pain
Stroke
What might heavy users of methamphetamine experience or engage in?
Formication hallucinations Compulsive or repetitive behavior Intense mood swings Bizarre delusions Hallucinations Tendency towards violence Amphetamine psycosis
What were amphetamines prescribed for?
Weight control
Way to control drowsiness
Where is an area that you might find a meth lab?
Small town or rural area
What must retail stores limit sales of and why?
Cold remedies such as Sudafed or Tylenol Cold
Contains pseudoephrines
What are the different patterns of use between methamphetamine and cocaine?
Methamphetamine: tend to use throughout the day. 2-4 hour intervals
Cocaine:tend to use in the evening or nighttime. Binge like fashion
What is withdrawal from amphetamine like?
Crash (1-4 hours after drug taking has dropped) Intense depression Hunger Agitation Anxiety
Withdrawal (6-18 weeks)
Intense craving for the drug slowly subside
What is a common medical use of amphetamine and amphetamine like drugs??
ADHD or ADD
Narcolepsy
Nasal decongestant
What is a side effect of amphetamine use for ADD or ADHD?
Suppression of height and weight Discontinuance of use may result in Lethargy Lack of motivation Depression
How is the treatment of ADHD by methylphenidate believed to work?
Improvement in attention and decrease in distractibility
Potential heightening in motivation in regards to a particular task
