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Psychopharm > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

0
Q

Snuffing

A

The ingestion of snuff either by inhalation or absorption through tissue in the nose

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1
Q

Snuff

A

A quantity of finely shredded or powdered tobacco

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2
Q

Cigars

A

Tightly rolled quantities of dried tobacco leaves

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3
Q

Cigarettes

A

Rolls of shredded tobacco wrapped in paper

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4
Q

Side stream smoke

A

Tobacco smoke that in inhaled by nonsmokers from the burning cigarettes of nearby smokers

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5
Q

Mainstream smoke

A

The smoke inhaled directly from cigarettes or other tobacco products

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6
Q

Particulate phase

A

Those components of smoke that consists of particles

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7
Q

Tar

A

A sticky material found in the particulate had of tobacco smoke and other pollutants

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8
Q

Gaseous phase

A

The portion of tobacco smoke that consists of gases

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9
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

An extremely toxic gas that prevents blood cells from carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

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10
Q

Cilia

A

Small hair cells

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11
Q

Ciliary escalator

A

The pushing of inhaled foreign particles, which might interfere with breathing, upward from the air passages into the throat, where they can be swallowed and excreted through the gastrointestinal tract

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12
Q

Nicotine

A

The prime psychoactive drug in tobacco products

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13
Q

Titration hypothesis

A

The idea that smokers will adjust their smoking of cigarettes in such a way as to maintain a steady input of nicotine in the body

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14
Q

Coronary heart diseases

A

Disease that damages the heart as a result of a restriction of blood flow through coronary arteries

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15
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

A disease in which blood flow is restricted because the walls of the arteries harden and lose their elasticity

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16
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A disease in which blood flow is restricted because of the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries

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17
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

A disease in which there is an interruption of or a reduction in blood flow to the brain, causing paralysis, sensory loss, cognitive defects, or a combination of neuropsychological effects

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18
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

A group of diseases characterized by impaired breathing due to an abnormality in the air passages

19
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

A respiratory disease involving inflammation of bronchial tissue following a buildup of excess mucus in the air passages

20
Q

Emphysema

A

An enlargement of air sacs in the lungs and abnormalities in the air sac walls, causing great difficulty in breathing

21
Q

Carcinomas

A

Cancerous rumors or growths

22
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Small white spots inside the mouth and nasal cavity, indication of precancerous tissue

23
Q

Erythroplakia

A

Small red spots inside the mouth and nasal cavity, indication of precancerous tissue

24
Q

Nitrosamines

A

A group of carcinogenic compounds found in tobacco

25
Q

What is snuff and the practice of snuffing?

A

Snuff is finely shredded or powdered tobacco

Sniffing is the ingestion of snuff by inhalation or absorption through tissue in the nose

26
Q

What was a form of tobacco use that became a health concern?

A

Chewing-the spitting of tobacco juice contributed to the spread of diseases such as tuberculosis

27
Q

What are cigarettes and cigars and what were the associated perceptions of these items?

A

Cigarettes are effeminate

Cigars are masculine

28
Q

When did the US government first assert the tobacco smoking was linked to serious diseases and how was this done?

A
  1. Surgeons general report
29
Q

What were some of the eventual restrictions placed on tobacco?

A

Banning of television advertising
Warning labels
Warning labels on print advertisements and billboards

30
Q

What was the problem with using low tar and nicotine cigarettes versus regular cigarettes?

A

Smokers took more puffs, inhaled more deeply, and smoked more cigarettes. They canceled out potential benefits

31
Q

What did the EPA announce in regards to environmental tobacco smoke and what were the result?

A

It causes lung cancer and many states and cities began mandating smoke free environments

32
Q

What are the components of tobacco smoke?

A

Particulate phase

Gaseous phase

33
Q

What is the effect of carbon monoxide in the body?

A

It attached to hemoglobin and occupies portions that are normally reserved for the transport of oxygen

34
Q

How much tar is in a cigarette and what part contains the most?

A

Varies from 6 mg to 16 mg

The last third contains the most

35
Q

What is a negative effect of tar on the body?

A

Prevention of cilia from functioning effectively

36
Q

How much nicotine is in cigarettes and approximately how much enters the blood stream?

A

.5-2.0 mg

20% reaches the blood steam

37
Q

How long is the elimination half life of nicotine?

A

2-3 hrs

38
Q

What is the primary effect of nicotine?

A

Stimulate CNS receptors that are sensitive to nicotine

Nicotine receptors

39
Q

What is the titration hypothesis?

A

The idea that smoker will adjust their smoking in such a way as to maintain a steady input of nicotine in their body

40
Q

What are some of the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal?

A

Decrease in HR and BP within 6 hours of the last cigarette
Headache
Irritability
Insomnia
Drowsiness
Inability to concentrate within the next 24 hours.

41
Q

What are some of the diseases associated with tobacco use?

A 
Coronary heart disease
Arteriosclerosis 
Atherosclerosis
COPD 
Chronic bronchitis 
Emphysema
Lung cancer
Bladder cancer
Larynx cancer
42
Q

What are a class of carcinogens found in smokeless tobacco?

A

Nitrosamines

43
Q

What does tobacco smoke have a toxic interaction with that is particularly pertinent to women?

A

Birth control

44
Q

What are some benefits of quitting smoking?

A

Decease in chances of a heart attack
Decrease of coughing, sinus congestion, and shortness of breath
Regaining normal functioning of cilla

45
Q

What are some of the methods available for quitting?

A 
Chantix
Nicotine patches
Counseling
Nicoderm
Behaviorally oriented social support groups
Smokers anonymous
Smoke-stoppers
46
Q

What professional group was noted as having a particularly high rage of smoking worldwide?

A

Physicians

Psychopharm (2 decks)

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