Chapter 4

Question 1

relational operators

Answer 1

allow comparisons of numeric and char values and determine whether one is greater than, less than, equal to, or not equal to another.

Ex: num1 > num2; num1 != num2;

Question 2

flag

Answer 2

a boolean or integer variable that signals when a condition exists

if (flag ) // same as if (flag == true)
run code;

if (integerFlag) // if 0 = false
if (integerFlag) // if nonzero = true
Ex: salesQuotaMet = 0; // this is an integer flag = 0 = false = sales quota NOT met…
salesQuotaMet = 1 = nonzero = true = sales quota met

Question 3

conditional operator

Answer 3

create short expressions that work like if/else statements

expression1 ? expression2 : expression3;

same as
if (expression1) expression2;
else expression3;

Question 4

switch statement

Answer 4

lets the value of a variable or an expression determine where the program will branch.

switch (variable or expression) {
case constant1: code; // if variable or expression equals constant 1 run code. No break; so program will include the next line of code
case constant2: code; break; // if variable of expression equals constant 2 run code. contains break which will exit the switch.
default: code; // if variable or expression does not equal any case run this code. no need for break
}

Question 5

Logical Operators

Answer 5

connect two or more relational expressions into one or reverse the logic of an expression.
&& AND || OR ! NOT

Question 6

&&

Answer 6

The logical AND operator. Takes two expressions as operands and creates an expression that is true only when both subexpressions are true.

Question 7

||

Answer 7

The logical OR operator. Takes two expressions as operands and creates an expression that is true when either of the subexpressions are true.

Question 8

!

Answer 8

The logical NOT operator. It takes an operand and reverses its truth or falsehood.

Question 9

Precedence and Associativity of Logical Operators

Answer 9

High to Low
!
&&
||

Question 10

Menu-driven program

Answer 10

allows the user to determine the course of action by selecting it from a list of actions.

Question 11

Validating User Input

Answer 11

the process of inspecting data given to a program by the user and determining if it is valid.

Question 12

What is the difference between if/else if statement vs a series of if statements

Answer 12

The if/else if statement tests a series of conditions. It is often simpler to test a series of conditions with the if/else if statement than with a set of nested if/else statements. The if/else if statement is more human readable.

Question 13

switch statement with initialization

Answer 13

switch (Initialization; IntegerExpression) {
case ConstantExpression: code; break;
}

switch (int value = abs(number); value) {
case 1: code; break;
}

Question 14

nested if statement

Answer 14

To test more than one condition, an if statement can be nested inside another if statement.

Question 15

Blocks and Variable Scope

Answer 15

the scope of a variable is limited to the block in which it is defined.