Chapter 3 Flashcards
how do you express 2^4 in C++?
pow(2.0, 4.0)
expression
a programming statement that has a value.
type coercion
C++ automatically converts operands to the same type when working with an operator
overflow and underflow
when a value is above or below the acceptable range of a data type. It will wrap around and start from the opposite end.
Ex: short is within -32767 and 32767
x = 32767 is 32767
x = 32768 is -32767
x = -32768 is 32767
type casting
performs manual data type conversion
static_cast<DataType>(Value)</DataType>
multiple assignment
to assign the same value to several variables with one statement
Ex: a = b = c = 12
setw()
stream manipulator that specifies the field width for the value immediately following it
<cmath>
</cmath>
required for advance math formulas… pow, cos, sin, abs
<iomanip>
</iomanip>
required for formatting manipulators: setw, setprecision, fixed
setprecision()
controls the number of significant digits with floating-point values
fixed manipulator
set the number of digits to the right of a decimal point specified by setprecision. change scientific notation to standard notation.
Ex: setprecision(2) «_space;fixed;
showpoint manipulator
allows padding with trailing zeros
Ex: setprecision(2) «_space;showpoint;
left and right manipulators
left «_space;setw(10);
getline()
function that reads an entire line, including leading and embedded spaces, and stores it in a string object.
geline(cin, variableName)
member function
a function that is built into an object
Ex: cin.get() where the get() is a member function
cin.get()
waits until the user enters a character. This works even is just a space or no character is entered.
cin.ignore()
tells the cin object to skip one or more characters in the keyboard buffer
Ex: cin.ignore(); // skip newline character
<random>
</random>
allow the use of random
random device engine
generates a sequence of random bits
random_device myEngine;
distribution object
reads the random bits generated by the random number engine and produces random numbers of a specified data type, within a specific range.
uniform_int_distribution<int> randomInt(0, 100);</int>
How do you display a random number from 1 to 100?
include <random></random>
random_device myEngine;
uniform_int_distribution<int> randomInt(0, 100);
cout << randomInt(myEngine);</int>
How do you display a random floating-point number from 1 to 100?
random_device myEngine;
uniform_real_distribution<double> randomReal(0.0, 1.0);
double number = randomReal(myEngine);
cout << number;</double>
