Chapter 4 Flashcards
When human metabolize what’s formed
Glucose, energy and carbon
Types of carbohydrates
Simple CHO : SUGAR
complex or polysaccharides : starch and fibe
Monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose, fructose
Disaccharides
Sucrose: glucose + fructose(table salt)
Maltose: glucose + glucose ( plant starches, associated with sweet taste in mouth while eating bread)
i Lactose: glucose+ galactose (milk sugar)
Glucose
Brain is completely dependent as it’s energy
Human digestive enzymes can break the bonds between glucose found in plant forms: starch and fibre
Starch but not in fibre
What type of fibre increases real freight
Water insoluble fibre
What does it man it a bread contains retired floor
The husk, warm and bran have been removed lower on nutrients and fibre
Bread contains enriched hour
Some or all of the nutrients lost when the hour was processed have been added back
What converts galactose and fructose to glucose
Liver
What rises after eating CHO
Blood glucose
What does the pancreas release when blood glucose is low
Glucagon (hormone)
What happens when liver glycogen is depleted
Ketosis
Type 1 diabetes
Hyperglacemia due to little or no insulin produced by insulin if untreated lots of urine and weight loss, the treatment is insulin injected to match food intake
Type 2 diabetes
Hyperglycaemia due to insulin resistance (obesity), pancreas produces too much but cells respond poorly
Lactose intolerance
Insufficient lactase enzyme activity to digest lactose
