chapter 4 Flashcards
Tissue
Groups of cells similar in structure and function
Nervous tissue
Controls. Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Muscle tissue
Moves. Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Epithelial tissue
Covers. secrete substances and are permeable, interacting with environment. Covering and lining epithelia, and Glandular epithelia are the two main forms. Epithelial cells have polarity. The cells are innervated meaning they have nerves. high rate of regeneration. Apical is upper and free, basal lower and attached.
Connective tissue
Supports. Bones, tendons, fat and padding material.
Simple epithelia
single layer thick
Stratified epithelia
two or more layers thick and involved in protection
Squamous cell
flattened and scale like
Cuboidal cell
box like
Columnar cell
tall, column like
Endothelium
the simple squamous lining of blood vessels and heart
Simple cuboid
Abundant in kidney ducts. Secretion and absorption
Simple columnar
Abundant in digestive track, gallbladder, absorb and can excrete
Pseudostratified columnar
single layer of differing heights, secrete substances, found in trachea,
Stratified squamous
Protects underlying tissues from abrasion. found lining the esophagus and mouth.
Stratified cuboidal
rare in body. found in sweat and mammary glands.
Stratified columnar
also rare. small amounts in pharynx, male uthera, lining
Transitional
lines urinary bladder, expands and stretches.
Gland
one or more cells that makes and secretes aqueous fluid. Endocrine is ductless and secretes hormones. Exocrine secretes into ducts to surface or cavities. Mucous and goblet cells are unicellular.
Areolar, Connective proper loose
Adipose, Connective proper loose
Adipocytes, nucleus pressed to edge of cell,
Reticular, Connective proper loose
Connective proper dense regular
Located in ligaments and tendons.
Connective proper dense irregular
collagen fibers of irregular arrangement,
Connective proper dense elastic
Cartilage
Main cell type is chondrocyte, chondrocytes are found in lacunae. Made up of mostly water and packed with collagen fibers and sugar proteins. Avascular.
Hyaline cartialge
Most abundant type. found on tips of long bones, nose, trachea, larynx, and cartilage of ribs.
Elastic cartilage
Found in ear and epiglottis
Fibrocartilage
Has chondrocytes. Strong. Mix of Hyaline and Elastic. found in interverbretal discs.
Blood, connective tissue
Only liquid tissue.
Skeletal muscle, muscle tissue
Has striations. fibers run parallel. Voluntary control.
Muscle fiber = muscle cell
Cardiac muscle, muscle tissue
branches. located in walls of heart. Intercalated discs connect the muscle fibers together. Involuntary.
Smooth muscle, muscle tissue
Spindle shaped. no striations. found in walls of hollow organs. propels substances or objects.
Cutaneous membrane
skin is an example, composed of epithelium and connective tissue proper.
Mucous membrane
Serous membrane
Regeneration
replaces tissue, original function is restored
Fibrosis
connective tissue replaces destroyed tissue, original function loss.
