chapter 3 Flashcards
Plasma membrane
selectively permeable. A lipid bilayer. two hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids closest to inner part of cell.
Tight junction, membrane junction
prevents movement of most molecules and fluids
Desmosome, membrane junction
anchor cells together. provide tension reducing network fibers.
Gap junction, membrane junction
allows ions and small molecules to move from cell to cell
Simple diffusion, passive process
lipid molecules move directly through the phospholipid bilayer.
Carrier mediated facillitated diffusion, passive
lipid insoluable solutes moving through proteins and changing shapes.
Channel mediated diffusion
Osmosis, passive,
diffusion of a solvent like water through channel protein or lipid bilayer.
Tonicity
ability of a solution to cause a cell to shrink or swell
Isotonic
Solution with same solute concentration as of cytosol
Hypertonic
Solution having greater concentration of solutes than cytosol
Hypotonic
A solution having lesser concentration of solutes than that of cytosol.
Active transport.
use ATP to move solutes across membrane against concentration gradient. requires carrier proteins aka solute pumps.
Vehicular transport, active
transport of large particles, macromolecules, and fluids. exoctyosis is transport out of cell, Endocytosis is transport in, Transcytosis is transport into across and out.
Membrane potential
seperation of oppositely charged ions across membrane creating a mebrance potential, ie a charge across the membrane. Resting membrance potential is the voltage measured in resting state in cells.
Cytoplasm
located between plasma membrane and nucleus.
Cytosol
water with solutes.
Cytoplasmic organelles
Metabolic machinery of cell
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis. alot are attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Mitochondria
location of most ATP production
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
has a role in the detoxification process.
Golgi apparatus
modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids
Lysosome
contain digestive enzyme
Endomembrane system
produce, store and export biological molecules. degrade potentially harmful substances.
Peroxisomes
detoxify toxic substances
Cytoskeleton
Centrosome
Cillia and Flagella
mobile extensions on surface of certain cells.
