Chapter 4 Flashcards
Foundations in Chemistry (Acids and Redox)
Define Acid
A proton (H+ ion) donor
Define a strong acid and give an example
Is an acid that completely dissociates in aqueous solution. (HCl)
Define weak acid
Is an acid that partially dissociates in aqueous solution (CH3COOH)
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Sulfuric acid
(H2)SO4
Nitric Acid
(H)NO3
Ethanoic acid
CH3COO(H)
What is a base
Neutralises an acid to form a salt
What is a Alkali
A base that dissolves in water, releasing OH-ions
What is a neutralisation reaction?
Bases react with acids to form a salt
Formula for Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
Formula for potassium hydroxide
KOH
Formula for Ammonium hydroxide
NH4OH
What is a titration
A technique used to accurately measure the volume of one solution that reacts exactly with another solution
Name the equipment used in a titration
Burette, conical flask, white tile. Bulb, pipette filler, volumetric flask. Dropping pipette
Oxidation number sign placement
Before the number
In which compound is H not +1
Metal hydrides (NaH = -1)
Where is O not -2
In Peroxides (H2O2 = -1) and OF2 = +2
Where is Cl not -1
When combined with O or F
What is oxidation and what happens with the oxidation number
Oxidation is the loss of electrons, so the oxidation number rises
What is Reduction and what happens with the oxidation number
Reduction is the gain of electrons, the oxidation number decreases
What needs to happen for a reaction to be a redox reaction
Both reduction and oxidation must occur in the same reaction
Oxidation number and formula of hydroxide
OH = -1
Oxidation number and formula of Carbonate
CO3 = -2
Oxidation number and formula of nitrate
NO3 = -1
Oxidation number and formula of sulfate
SO4 = -2
Oxidation number and formula of oxide
O = -2
Oxidation number and formula of ethanoate
CH3COO = -1
Oxidation number and formula of chloride
Cl = -1
