Chapter 11 Flashcards
Core Organic Chemistry (Basic Concepts of OC)
What is a hydrocarbon
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen atoms only
What is the homologous series?
A family of compounds with similar properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2 group
What is a Aliphatic Hydrocarbon?
Carbon atoms joined to each other in unbranched to branched chains, or non-aromatic rings
What is a Alicyclic Hydrocarbon?
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in a non-aromatic ring with or without branches
What is a Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring
What is an Alkane
Hydrocarbon containing single carbon-carbon bonds
What is an Alkene
Hydrocatbon containing at least one double carbon=carbon bond
What is an Alkyne
Hydrocarbon containing at least one triple Carbon-to-carbon bond
What is a Molecular formula
Number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule
C2H6 ->ethane
What is the Empirical formula
The simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound
CH3 ->ethane
What is a general Formula
The simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series
CnH2n+2 ->Alkane
What is the displayed formula
Shows the relative positioning of all of the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them
What is a Structural Formula
Uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule
CH3CH3 ->ethane
What is an Isomerism
Molecules which have the same molecular formula but differ in the way their atoms are arranged
What is a structural isomerism
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
What are the three types of structural isomerisms
Chain Isomerism ( Straight chain vs branched)
Position Isomerism ( Same functional group but in different position
Functional group isomerism (different functional group)
What is a stereoisomerism
Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in 3D space
What is a covalent bond
A shared pair of electrons between two bonding atoms
What is Homolytic fission
each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond
What is heterolytic fission
one of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond
What are Curly arrows used for
Show the movement of an electron pair when bonds are broken or made
What is an addition reaction
Two reactant molecules join together to form one product
What is a substitution reaction
A atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
What is a elimination reaction
A small molecule is removed from a larger molecule
