chapter 4 Flashcards
sevens years war (French and Indian War)
involving Britain, France, and Spain lasted 1756-1763. war began in colonies. British saw France as a threat in the Americas. American colonies fought in this war on Brits side
Albany plan of Union (1754)
the British government called for representatives from several colonies to meet in Albany, NY, to coordinate colonial defense. rejected plan to untie colonies.
British views on colonies
low opinions on colonial military abilities
colonial view of the war
proud of their military performance, were not impressed with British leadership
Shift in British Empire
abandoned earlier policy of salutary neglect. created more forcefully policy for colonies, including taxes to pay for the war.
Proclamation of 1763
prohibited colonist from settling west of the Appalachian mountains, hoping to prevent hostilities with Native Americans. angered colonist an they moved westward anyways
sugar act (1764)
placed duties on foreign sugar and certain luxuries, with chef purpose of raising money for the crown
quartering act (1765)
required the colonist to provide food and shelter from british soldiers
Stamp act (1765)
required colonists to pay a direct tax on printed materials, such as newspapers, pamphlets, and advertisements.
Declaratory act (1766)
asserted that parliament has the right to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever
Townshend act (1767)
series of taxes imposed by the british government on the American colonies, including taxes on tea, glass, and paper
colonist response to new acts
protest and boycotts, arguing the taxes were unconstitutional and that they had no representation in parliament. John Dickinson wrote a series of letters about taxes without colonies consent
Boston Massacre (1770)
clash between British soldiers and american colonist in Boston, resulting in the deaths of 5 colonist. was widely publicized and helps galvanize opposition to British rule
repeal of Townshend acts
1770, repealed all but a small tax on tea
Boston Tea Party (1773)
protest in which American colonists, disguised as Native Americans, boarded British ships and threw hundreds of chest of tea into the harbor
Intolerable Acts
Port Act- closed port of Boston until the destroyed tea was paid for
Massachusetts Gov. Act- reduced power of the MA legislature and increased power of royal governor
Quebec Act- extended boundaries of Quebec and recognized Catholicism as the official religion
Enlightenment
philosophical movement that emphasized reason, science, a respect for humanity
Deism- held that God had established natural laws in creating the universe but did not intervene in human affairs
John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
