Chapter 4

Question 1

Slanter

Answer 1

are designed to give a claim a positive or negative slant regarding a subject.

Question 2

Equivalent

Answer 2

if claims would be true in all and exactly the same circumstances

Question 3

Euphemisms

Answer 3

are words with positive associations meant to invoke a positive situation.
sometimes mask the truth

Question 4

Dysphemisms

Answer 4

giving a negative slant to something- avoid because they are clouding issues.

Question 5

Rhetorical Analogy

Answer 5

is a comparison used to express or influence attitudes.

Question 6

Rhetorical Definitions

Answer 6

is a purported definition that is used to express or elicit an attitude about something rather than to clarify it.

Question 7

Rhetorical Explanation

Answer 7

Explanation used for rhetorical purposes. An explanation that is intended to express or elicit thoughts or attitudes

Question 8

Innuendo

Answer 8

form of suggestion, often using words which are “innocent” to suggest something else

Question 9

Stereotype

Answer 9

thought or image about a group of people

Question 10

Loaded Question

Answer 10

a question that rests on one or more unjustified or unwarranted assumptions.

Question 11

Weaslers

Answer 11

are linguistic of watering down a claim, giving claim’s author a way out giving the author a way to get out.

Question 12

Down players

Answer 12

attempts to make someone/something look less important.

Question 13

Hyperbole

Answer 13

an exaggeration

Question 14

Proof Surrogate

Answer 14

expression used to suggest that there is evidence or authority for a claim, without actually citing evidence for authority.