Chapter 4

Question 1

What is a solution?

Answer 1

Solution is a homogeneous mixture, has uniform composition that consists of two parts.

Question 2

What are the two types of solution?

Answer 2

Solute and solvent.

Question 3

Define solute.

Answer 3

A type of solution that dissolves in a larger quantity of another.

Question 4

Define solvent.

Answer 4

Larger quantity that dissolves the solute.

Question 5

When does water serve as a solvent?

Answer 5

In aqueous solutions.

Question 6

How is water polar?

Answer 6

Uneven distribution of electrons and bent molecular shape.

Question 7

How do ionic compounds dissolve?

Answer 7

Water separates ions in an ionic compound by forming stronger attractions between the ions and water molecules, causing the ions to become solvated.

Question 8

What is an insoluble substance?

Answer 8

For ions that do not dissolve on water, attraction between cation and ions is greater than attraction with water.

Question 9

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 9

When I wanna compound dissolve, the solution has electrical conductivity, which is called electrolyte

Question 10

What is a non-electrolyte?

Answer 10

In polar bonds, water and the compound are attracted to each other. Most covalent compounds don’t break into ions and remain as molecules.

Question 11

What is the si unit for concentration?

Answer 11

Molarity.

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE

Concentration is an intensive property.

Answer 12

True.

Question 13

Define concentration.

Answer 13

The quantity of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solution.

Question 14

What is the equation for finding molarity?

Answer 14

Molarity = Mole of Solute
_________________
Liters of Solution

Question 15

What are spectator ions?

Answer 15

ions that appear unchanged on both sides of the equation.

Question 16

What are net ionic equations?

Answer 16

it eliminates the spectator ions and shows only the actual chemical change.

Question 17

What is an acid?

Answer 17

A substance that produces positive 𝐻+ ions when dissolved in water.

Question 18

What is a base?

Answer 18

A substance that produces 𝑂𝐻− ions when dissolved in water.

Question 19

What are strong acids and bases?

Answer 19

Dissociate completely into ions. They are strong, electrolytes, and conduct a large amount

Question 20

What are weak acids and bases?

Answer 20

Dissociate very little into ions and our weak electrolytes.

Question 21

What is an acid Base reaction?

Answer 21

A neutralization reaction.

Question 22

How does H2O form?

Answer 22

From 𝑂𝐻− and 𝐻+.

Question 23

What happens in reactions between a strong acid and a strong base, and how is a salt formed?

Answer 23

An H⁺ ion from the acid and an OH⁻ ion from the base form water. Evaporating the water leaves spectator ions that combine to form a salt, with the cation from the base and the anion from the acid.

Question 24

What happens when an acid reacts with an ionic carbonate?

Answer 24

Carbon dioxide, water and salt.

Question 25

What is the purpose of using a known concentration in titration?

Answer 25

To determine the unknown concentration of another solution.

Question 26

When is the equivalent point in nitration?

Answer 26

When the moles of hydronium ions from the acid equal the moles of hydroxide ions from the burette.

Question 27

amount mole of hydronium in flask =___________________________

Answer 27

amount mole of hydronium in flask = amount of mol of hydroxide added from the buret

Question 28

What are oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions?

Answer 28

Are electron transfer reactions that change the oxidation states of some atoms.

Question 29

What is a combination redox reaction?

Answer 29

A combination redox reaction involves two or more reactants, and at least an element. Metal + nonmetal → ionic compound Two nonmetals → covalent compound Combining a compound and an element.

Question 30

What is a decomposition redox reaction?

Answer 30

when a compound breaks down into two or more products.

Question 31

What are some examples of decomposition redox reaction?

Answer 31

Thermal decomposition: when the energy absorbed is heat. Electrolytic decomposition: a compound absorbs electrical energy and decomposes into its elements.

Question 32

What is a single displacement reaction?

Answer 32

A single displacement reaction is when an element replaces an element in a compound, and it is always a redox reaction.

Question 33

What is a single displacement reaction?

Answer 33

A single displacement reaction is when an element replaces an element in a compound, and it is always a redox reaction.

Question 34

What is a double displacement reaction?

Answer 34

Exchange of atoms or ions in compounds, such as in precipitation and acid-base reactions, and it is not a redox reaction.

Question 35

What is a combustion reaction?

Answer 35

The process of combining with oxygen mostly with the release of heat and the production of light.

Question 36

When is a reaction considered reversible?

Answer 36

A reaction is considered reversible if all the substances involved are present.

Question 37

What happens as the amount of products increases in a reaction?

Answer 37

As products increase in a reaction, reactants begin to reform. When the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, dynamic equilibrium is reached, and the amounts of reactants and products remain constant.

Question 38

Question: How do weak acids and bases behave in water?

Answer 38

Weak acids and bases reach equilibrium in water with a very small proportion of their molecules dissociated.

Question 39

What does it mean when an aqueous ionic reaction "goes to completion"?

Answer 39

An aqueous ionic reaction “goes to completion” when a product is removed or forms and barely reverses.