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ANP1105 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Pertaining to a primary tissue that covers the body surface, lines its internal cavities, and forms glands.

A

Epithelial tissue

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2
Q

Special Characteristics of Epithelial Tissues

A
  1. Polarity
  2. Specialized contacts
  3. Supported by connective tissue
  4. Avascular but innervated
  5. Regeneration
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3
Q

Description: Single layer of flattened cells with Deric-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia

A

Epithelium: simple squamous

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4
Q

Function: Allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae (lining of ventral body cavity)

A

Epithelium: Simple Squamous

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5
Q

Location: Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; serosae

A

Epithelium: Simple Squamous

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6
Q

Description: Single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei

A

Epithelium: Simple Cuboidal

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7
Q

Function: Secretion and absorption

A

Epithelium: Simple Cuboidal

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8
Q

Location: Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

A

Epithelium: Simple Cuboidal

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9
Q

Description: Single layer of tall cells with rounded dot oval nuclei; many cells bear microvilli, some bear cilia,; layer may contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells)

A

Epithelium: Simple Columnar

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10
Q

Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus 9or reproductive cells) by ciliary action

A

Epithelium: Simple Columnar

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11
Q

Location: Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to rectum), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus

A

Epithelium: Simple Columnar

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12
Q

Description: Singe layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at different levels; may contain mucus-secreting cells and bear cilia

A

Epithelium: Pseudostratified columnar

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13
Q

Function: Secrete substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

A

Epithelium: Pseudostratified columnar

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14
Q

Location: Ciliated variety lines the trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract; nonciliated type in males’ sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands

A

Epithelium: Pseudostratified columnar

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15
Q

Description: Thick epithelium composed of several layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are flattened (squamous); in the keratinized type, the surface cells are full of keratin and dead; basal cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers

A

Epithelium: Stratified Squamous

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16
Q

Function: Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

A

Epithelium: Stratified Squamous

17
Q

Location: Nonkeratinized type form the moist lining of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry epithelium

A

Epithelium: Stratified Squamous

18
Q

Description: Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamous like, depending on degree of organ stretch

A

Epithelium: Transitional

19
Q

Function: Stretched readily, permits stored urine to distend urinary organ

A

Epithelium: Transitional

20
Q

Location: Lines the ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra

A

Epithelium: Transitional

21
Q

Glands that have ducts through which their secretions are carried to a particular site.

A

Exocrine glands

22
Q

Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood.

A

Endocrine glands

23
Q

Description: Gel-like matrix with all three fibre types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells

Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid

Location: Widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g., forms laminate proprietors of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries

A

Connective Tissue ->Proper -> Loose -> Areolar

24
Q

A primary tissue; form and function vary extensively. Functions include support, storage, and protection.

A

Connective tissue

25
Q

Description: Matrix as in Areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells, have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet

Function: provides reserve food fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs

Location: Under skin in subcutaneous tissue; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts

A

Connective Tissue -> Proper -> Loose -> Adipose

26
Q

Description: Loose network of reticular fibres in a gal-like ground substance; reticular cells lie on the fibres

Function: Fibres form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages

Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

A

Connective Tissue -> Proper -> Loose -> Reticular

27
Q

Description: Primarily parallel collagen fibres; a few elastic fibres; major cell type is the fibroblast

Function: Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

Location: Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

A

Connective Tissue ->Proper -> Dense -> Regular

28
Q

Description: Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibres; some elastic fibres; fibroblast is the major cell type

Function: Withstands tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength

Location: Fibrous capsules of organs and of joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract

A

Connective Tissue -> Proper -> Dense -> Irregular

29
Q

Description: Dense regular connective tissue containing a high proportion of elastic fibres

Function: Allows tissue to recoil after stretching; maintains pulsation flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration

Location: Walls of large arteries; within certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column; within the walls of the bronchial tubes

A

Connective Tissue -> r -> Dense -> Elastic

30
Q

Description: Amorphous but firm matrix; collagen fibres form an imperceptible network; chondrblasts produce the matrix and when mature (as chondrocytes) lie in lacunae

Function: Supports and reinforces; serves as resilient cushion; resists compressive stress

Location: Forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx

A

Connective Tissue -> Cartilage -> Hyaline

31
Q

Description: Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibres in matrix

Function: Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

Location: Supports the external ear (pinnacle); epiglottis

A

Connective Tissue -> Cartilage -> Elastic

32
Q

Description: Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate

Function: Tensile strength allows it to absorb compressible shock

Location: Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint

A

Connective Tissue-> Cartilage -> Fibrocartilage

33
Q

Description: Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibres; osteocytes lie in lacunae. Very well vascularized

Function: Supports and protects (by enclosing); provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoietic)

Location: Bones

A

Connective Tissues -> Bones

34
Q

Description: Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)

Function: Transports respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances

Location: Contained within blood vessels

A

Connective Tissue -> Blood

ANP1105 (3 decks)

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