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ANP1105 > Chapter 1 & 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 3 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

A

Gross (macroscopic) anatomy

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2
Q

looks at all structures in a particular area of the body

A

Regional anatomy

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3
Q

looks at just one system (cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, etc.)

A

System anatomy

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4
Q

looks at internal structures as they relate to overlying skin (visible muscle masses or veins seen on surface)

A

Surface anatomy

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5
Q

deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cytology and histology

A

Microscopic anatomy

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6
Q

study of cells

A

Cytology

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7
Q

study of tissues

A

Histology

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8
Q

traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

A

Developmental anatomy

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9
Q

study of developmental changes that occur before birth

A

Embryology

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10
Q

study of functions of the kidney

A

Renal physiology

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11
Q

study of the functions of the nervous system

A

Neurophysiology

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12
Q

study of the functions of the heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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13
Q

Atoms combine to form muscles

A

Chemical level

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14
Q

cells are made up of molecules

A

Cellular level

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15
Q

Tissues consist of similar types of cells

A

Tissue level

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16
Q

Organs are made up of of different types of tissue

A

Organ level

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17
Q

Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely

A

Organ system level

18
Q

Smallest structural and functional unit of life.

A

Cell

19
Q

– The cell is the smallest unit of life
– All organisms are made of one or more cells
– Cells arise only from other cells

A

Cell theory

20
Q

– Over 250 different types of human cells
– Types differ in size, shape, and subcellular components; these differences lead to differences in functions

A

Cell diversity

21
Q

the cellular material that is located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

22
Q

Cytoplasm is composed of

A

Cytosol, inclusions, organelles

23
Q

gel-like solution made up of water and soluble molecules such as proteins, salts, sugars, etc.

A

Cytosol

24
Q

insoluble molecules; vary with cell type (examples: glycogen granules, pigments, lipid droplets, vacuoles, crystals)

A

Inclusions

25
Q

metabolic machinery structures of cell; each with specialized function; either membranous or nonmembranous

A

Organelles

26
Q

– Mitochondria
– Endoplasmic reticulum
– Golgi apparatus
– Peroxisomes
– Lysosomes

A

Membranous organelles

27
Q

– Ribosomes
– Cytoskeleton
– Centrioles

A

Nonmembranous organelles

28
Q

Membranous network of tubular or saclike channels in the cytoplasm of a cell.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

29
Q

Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.

A

Ribosomes

30
Q

What are ribosomes made up of?

A

Proton and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

31
Q

free floating; site of synthesis of soluble proteins that
function in cytosol or other organelles

A

Free ribosomes

32
Q

attached to membrane of endoplasmic reticulum (ER); site of synthesis of proteins to be incorporated into membranes or lysosomes, or exported from cell

A

Membrane-bound ribosomes

33
Q

Cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation for cellular activities. ( powerhouse of the cell)

A

Mitochondria

34
Q

Membranous system close to the cell nucleus that packages protein secretions for export, packages enzymes into lysosomes for cellular use, and modifies proteins destined to become part of cellular membranes

A

Golgi apparatus

35
Q

Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes.

A

Lysosomes

36
Q

One of three types of cytoskeletal elements; thin strands of the protein actin

A

Microfilaments

37
Q

Tough, insoluble protein fibres constructed like woven ropes composed of tetramer fibrils

A

Intermediate filaments

38
Q

One of three types of cytoskeletal elements; hollow tubes made of the spherical protein tubulin.

A

Microtubules

39
Q

Minute body found in pairs near the nucleus of the cell; active in cell division.

A

Centriole

40
Q

Tiny, hairlike projections of a cell; may move in a wave- like manner to propel substances across the exposed cell surface.

A

Cilia

41
Q

Tiny projections on the free surfaces of some epithelial cells; increase surface area for absorption

A

Microvilli

ANP1105 (3 decks)

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