Chapter 4

Question 1

Name some of the main hormones produced by the endocrine glands

Answer 1

Insulin, thyroid hormone, estrogen, testosterone

Question 2

What are the 5 categories of systemic disease that have ocular manifestations.

Answer 2

Inflammatory and autoimmune, metabolic, vascular, infectious, malignant

Question 3

What are the symptoms of keratoconjunctivits sicca?

Answer 3

Photophobia, burning sensation, grittiness, foreign body sensation

Question 4

Outline the effects of diabetes on the retinal vascular system.

Answer 4

Blood vessels leakage of fluid and exudation of protein substances into the retina, very poor retinal circulation, retinal ischemia, retinal neovascularization

Question 5

Patients with diabetes mellitus should be encouraged to maintain glycosylated hemoglobin and blood pressure at what level?

Answer 5

Less than 7% and a blood pressure level less than 140/85

Question 6

What the primary cause of eye problems associated with interrupted ocular blood flow?

Answer 6

A clot of cholesterol, blood cells, or calcium

Question 7

Name 2 opportunistic infections seen in the eyes of AIDS patients.

Answer 7

Cytomegalovirus, herpes zoster

Question 8

Metastatic eye tumors commonly originate from which 2 organs?

Answer 8

Breast, lungs

Question 9

What are the 2 eye findings associated with a brain tumor?

Answer 9

Visual field defects, pupillary abnormalities

Question 10

A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, although difficult to establish, is based on what diagnostic tests?

Answer 10

Examination of spinal fluid, MRI scans, assessments of the patients long-term pattern of symptoms