Chapter 3 Flashcards
Name the 10 general types of disease/injury processes
Infectious, inflammatory, allergic, ischemic, metabolic, congenital, developmental, degenerative, neoplastic, and traumatic
Distinguish between a sign, symptom and syndrome.
Sign : a change that can be observed by a physician
Symptom : a change experienced by a patient (a sign is usually more objective ; a symptom, more subjective).
Syndrome : a group of signs or symptoms characteristic of a particular condition.
When the orbital volume increases, the resulting protrusion of the eye ball is called ________ or ________.
Proptosis, exophthalmos
What alterations in the appearance of the eye or eyelids may be caused by orbital cellulitis?
Grossly swollen eyelids, red eyes
Define strabismus and state 3 possible causes.
Misalignment of the eyes; greater than normal tissue bulk in orbit, loss of muscle elasticity from scarring, muscle paralysis due to nerve damage, congenital weakness of one or more extraocular muscles.
Match the names of he conditions with their descriptions.
- External hordeolum A. Abscess caused by infection of a gland surrounding a lash follicle
- Chalazion B. Abscess caused by infection of meibomian gland
- Blepharitis C. Nontender solid lump under eyelid
- Ectropion D. Red and encrusted eyelid margins
- Internal hordeolum E. Inward turning of eyelid margin
- Trichiasis F. Globe not completely covered when eyelids are closed.
- Ptosis G. Outward turning of eyelid margin
- Entropion H. Eyelash(es) rubbing against the eyeball, usually causing irritation
- Lagophthalmos I. Droopy upper eyelid
- A. Abscess caused by infection of a gland surrounding a lash follicle
- C. Nontender solid lump under eyelid
- D. Red and encrusted eyelid margins
- G. Outward turning of eyelid margin
- B. Abscess caused by infection of meibomian gland
- H. Eyelash(es) rubbing against the eyeball, usually causing irritation
- I. Droopy upper eyelid
- E. Inward turning of eyelid margin
- F. Globe not completely covered when eyelids are closed.
Define keratoconjunctivitis sicca and name the usual treatment
Dry eyes; artificial tears in the form of eye drops
Name the condition resulting from resulting from inflammation of the lacrimal sac.
Dacryocystitis
Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of bacterial, viral and allergic conjunctivitis
Bacterial : mucopurulent discharge.
Viral : watery discharge, palpebral conjunctiva is covered with small bumps.
Allergic : tearing, itching, redness and swelling
Describe a sub conjunctival hemorrhage and its probable cause
Rupture of conjunctival blood vessel, allowing blood to flow under the conjunctival tissue; may occur after violent sneezing or coughing
Distinguish between the pinguecula and pterygium with respect to appearance and symptoms
Pinguecula : small, benign yellow-white mass of degenerated tissue beneath bulbar conjunctiva that does not cross onto thyroid cornea and that can cause minor eye irritation.
Pterygium : wedge-shaped growth of abnormal tissue on bulbar conjunctiva that can cross onto the cornea and can cause irritation, redness, foreign-body sensation, sensitivity to light.
Name the symptoms and treatment of a bacterial corneal ulcer.
Pain, sensitivity to light, tearing; treat with antibiotics
Describe how a corneal ulcer caused by the herpes simplex virus differs from a bacterial or fungal corneal ulcer.
Symptoms not severe; dense corneal opacity,branch-shaped figure on cornea
Describe the condition known as keratoconus
Center of cornea thins and acquires a cone shape, which affects vision
Describe what happens when drainage of aqueous humor is hindered, and name the resulting pathological condition.
Abnormal rise in intraocualr pressure, with eventual damage tot he optic nerve and vision loss; glaucoma
