Chapter 4 Flashcards
The energy system constitutes what proportion of GHG emissions?
75%
What are the EU and UK policies on hydrogen?
EU Hydrogen Strategy and Hydrogen Accelerator to produce and import 10m tonnes each by 2030.
UK’s 10 point plan for a Green Industrial Revolution and UK Hydrogen Strategy for 5GW of low carbon hydrogen by 2030
What are hydrogenated esters and fatty acids (HEFA) fuels?
E.g. SAF. Waste and residue lipids like cooking oil. 73-84% emissions saving potential. Additional abatement possible with green hydrogen for hydrogenation step.
What is alcohol to jet fuel?
Ethanol. Biomass (trees, crops) fermented into alcohols and then dehydrated. Then hydrogenation. And often blended with conventional fuel. 85-94% saving potential.
What is gasification?
Solid biomass gasified to produce syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen). These are then combined in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to make hydrocarbon chains, which are the basis of e-fuels. 85-94% reduction potential.
Power to liquid
E fuels. Synthetic fuels. Production via electrolysis and captured CO2. 100% emissions saving.
Which organisation tracks food waste?
The Food And Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the UN. 1/3 of food wasted. Its Food Loss Index and the UNEP Food Waste Index monitor this. As a result, SDG 12.3 pledges to halve global food waste by 2030
Two climate solutions have rolled out slower than IEA NZE expected in 2021. Which are they and what does IEA NZE 2023 say?
Low-carbon hydrogen and CCS. The first is expected to be 8% of energy demand in 2050 (down from 13% in earlier NZE) and contribute to 4% of emissions reductions. CCS also dropped, but 50% of fossil fuel use in 2050 expected to be paired with Ccs
What finance group was established at COP21 on adaptation?
The Global Adaptation & Resilience Investment Working Group (GARI), suggesting ‘Climate 2.0’ strategies should have a vision to achieve resilience in tandem with net zero
How does the EU taxonomy define adaptation?
Solutions that actively contribution to preventing or reducing risk of adverse impacts today and in the future without increasing the risks of an adverse impact on other people, nature, and assets
Which development bank has published a taxonomy to support the uptake of adaptation solutions?
The Inter-American Development Bank
The UN’s Technology Needs Assessment identifies which 6 sectors as priorities for adaptation?
Agriculture
Water
Coastal zones
Land use change and forestry
Public health
Natural disasters
What framework can investors use to assess physical risks?
Hazards, Exposure, Vulnerability (HEV) framework
What is CCRI’s PCRAM?
Physical Climate Risk Assessment Methodology:
Scoping and data gathering
Materiality assessment
Resilience building (identification of opportunities for this)
Economic and financial analysis (and subsequent investment recommendations)
PCRAM financial analysis considers:
Impact on NPV from adaptation once physical risks have been accounted for.
But,
Does not consider any cost of capital or discount rate impacts from de-risking
