Chapter 4

Question 1

What are the stages of prenatal development

Answer 1

Germinal- Zygote forms, sticks to wall of uterus 0-2 weeks
Embryonic- 2-8 weeks spinal cord develops major organs
Fetus- Brain responds to sensory input

Question 2

What are teratogens

Answer 2

substances that can
harm prenatal development.
Drugs, Including Alcohol, Are Common Teratogens
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME

Question 3

What reflexes are present at birth

Answer 3

Grasping, sucking, rooting

Question 4

Harlow’s and Ainsworth’s research on attachment

Answer 4

Harlows monkey and their mothers
Ainsworth- Secure, avoidant, ambivalent

Question 5

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development and theory of cognitive development

Answer 5

Sensorimotor- exploration intentional object permanence
Preoperational- Language, intuitive not logical
Concrete- logic conservation of number
classifies objects
Formal- hypothesis, Logic abstract, hypothetical

Question 6

Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development

Answer 6

infancy- trust vs mistrust
Toddler- Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Preschool- Intuitive versus guilt
Childhood- industry versus inferiority
Adolescence- Identity vs role confusion
Young adulthood- Intimacy vs isolation
Middle age- Generativity vs stagnation
Old age Integrity vs despair

Question 7

Kohlberg’s levels of moral development

Answer 7

Preconventional - self-interest and event outcomes determine what
is moral.
Conventional- strict adherence to societal laws and the approval
of others determine what is moral.
Postconventional- , decisions about morality depend on complex
reasoning, abstract principles, the value of all life, and the greater good for all people.