Chapter 4 Flashcards
Theories of Comparative Policing are?
Alertness to Crime Theory
Economic or Migration Theory
Opportunity Theory
Demographic Theory
Deprivation Theory
Modernization Theory
Anomie and Synomie Theory
suggests that progressive lifestyles and norms result in the disintegration of older norms that once held people together
_______ but in other cases, people can come together and achieve social consensus or social cohesion over values _______
Anomie and Synomie Theory
holds that progress comes along with rising expectations, and people at the bottom develop unrealistic expectations while people at the top don’t see themselves rising fast enough.
Deprivation theory
holds that (and this is an oversimplification) that the basic problem is society becoming too complex.
Modernization theory
hold that as a nation develops, people’s alertness to crime is heightened, so they report more crime to police and also demand the police become more effective at solving crime problems.
Alertness to crime theory
holds that crime everywhere is the result of unrestrained migration and over population in urban areas such as ghettos and slums.
Economic or migration theory
holds that along with higher standards of living, victims become more careless of their belonging, and opportunities for committing crime multiply.
Opportunity theory
holds that when the event occurs when a great number of children are born, as the baby boom grow up, delinquent subcultures develop out of the adolescent identity crisis.
Demographic theory
Developing a response to a crime or another problem that is designed to keep a crime from occurring is proactive
Proactive
police work emphasizes police-initiated activities of the individual officers and the department.
Proactive
Responding to specific problems based on citizen’s requests and following up on those problems are reactive responses.
Reactive
police work is more on a response to a problem by police when assistance is specifically requested by citizens.
Reactive
This approach has been rationalized in the past by the assumption that inconvenience or harassment of innocent people can be justified by the fact that police are fighting crime
Crime Control Model
is based on the presumption that the repression of criminal behavior is the most important aspect of police duty and therefore should be given priority.
Crime Control Model
When due process is the primary object of policing, police policy is that is far better than 100 guilty men escape justice rather than one innocent person be convicted.
DUE PROCESS MODEL
To compare policing agencies, one should understand on what legal basis they operate.
Legal systems
The main issue here is that law, linked to politics, will determine the police mandate.
Legal systems
Another fundamental construct influencing policing is the legal system of a country. A variety of legal systems exist in the world
Legal systems
They exist in most English-speaking countries of the world, such as the U.S., England, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India, and former British colonies in Africa.
Common law system
Also known asAnglo-American justice.
Common law system
They rely primarily upon oral systems of evidence in which the public trial is a main focal point.
Common law system
This systems are distinctive in the significance they attach to precedent (the importance of previously decided cases).
Common law system
They are distinguished by a strongadversarial systemwhere lawyers interpret and judges are bound by precedent (orstare decisis).
Common law system
The sovereign, or leaders of a civil law system are considered above the law, as opposed to the common law notion that nobody is above the law.
Civil law system
