Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is motivated forgetting?
The idea that not all of our forgetting is an accident but may be related to our motives and intentions.
What is the directed forgetting procedure, what is it used for?
This procedure involves instructing participants to forget recently encoded information (usually in a word list learning procedure). Researchers use the directed forgetting procedure, to study motivated forgetting
How many variants of the directed forgetting paradigms are there and what are they?
There are two variants of the directed forgetting paradigms: item-method directed forgetting & list-method directed forgetting
What is the item-method directed forgetting paradigm?
- subjects view a series of words, to be encoded for a later memory test following each word there is an instruction to Remember or Forget,
- Once the list is complete, they are tested on all the words, including the ones they were supposed to have forgotten.
Describe the list-method directed forgetting paradigm
1.A list of words is presented to the subjects followed by an unexpected instruction mid-list to forget the first half of the list
2. A final test is then given and subjects are asked to disregard the earlier instruction to forget, and retrieve both the to-be-remembered items and the to-be-forgotten items]
In the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm what is the critical lure?
An word that was not presented but is semantically associated with the words presented .
What is item method-directed forgetting attributed to?
a) Retrieval deficit b) Encoding deficit c) Storage deficit
An encoding deficit.When participants receive the instruction to forget they terminate encoding and rehearsal for the word.
What does the item-method-directed forgetting paradigm illustrate?
This method illustrates one way in which people are able to exercise voluntary control over what they allow into memory: People strategically regulate whether a stimulus is given the elaborative processing necessary to maintain it.
What happens to forgotten items in the list-method directed forgetting paradigm?
The forgotten items remained intact in memory, but they were less accessible than the items that were not asked to be forgotten
What Types Of Errors is memory subject to?
Errors of omission ( e.g, forgetting) & Errors of Commission ( e.g, false memories).
What is the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm used to study?
It is used to showcase how easy it is to foster false memories in the laboratory.
What is the procedure in the 1974 Loftus & Palmer study?
The participants watch a video of a car crash.One group was asked how fast the cars “smashed” into each other, while the other group was asked how fast the cars “contacted” each other.
Which group of participants reported higher speeds in the 1974 Loftus & Palmer study?
a) The group that was asked how fast the cars were going when they “smashed” into each other
b) The group that was asked how fast the cars were going when they “contacted” each other
c) Both groups reported the same speed
d) The study did not report the speed of the cars
a) The group that was asked how fast the cars were going when they “smashed” into each other (10% faster )
