Chapter 1 Flashcards
TEST-ENHANCED LEARNING
Name some reasons why testing is important
- Education benefits from increased testing
-testing requires effortful retrieval of information from memory, strengthening memory and increasing the ability to recall the material in the future
-Tests can also provide feedback on how well the material is understood and can be used to identify areas that require further study.
What is the indirect effect of testing on learning?
if tests are given more frequently, students study more and with greater regularity
What is the direct effect of testing on learning?
The direct effect is taking a test on material often yields greater gains than restudying material
What is free recall? Describe a free recall procudure?
a type of memory task in which participants attempt to remember previously studied information in any order
- in the 1992 Wheeler and Roediger experiment, the students were given a blank sheet of paper and asked to recall as many of the items as possible in any order that had previously been presented to them
What is hypermnesia?
The improvement in recall across repeated tests (even though each later test is further delayed from the original study)
what is the testing effect
the testing effect describes how taking tests during the learning phase facilitates later retrieval from long-term memory
Explain how format of tests can impact retention of studied information
Test formats that require more effortful retrieval like short answer tests tend to produce a greater boost to learning and retention, compared to test formats that engage less effortful retrieval (e.g., multiple-choice).
Define feedback
Feedback is information provided following a response or recollection, which informs the learner about the status of current performance, often leading to improvement in future performance
Describe the role of feedback on memory retention.
In the study by Pashler et al. (2005) study on feedback types They found that explanatory feedback increases final retention
Describe the types of feedback
explanatory feedback involves providing students with the correct answer and an explanation
Corrective feedback involves only providing correct answer
What was the main finding in the study by Butler, Karpicke, and Roediger (2007) regarding the impact of feedback timing on long-term retention?
a) Immediate feedback resulted in significantly better performance on the final test.
b) Delayed feedback led to substantially better performance on the final test compared to immediate feedback.
c) Both immediate and delayed feedback conditions produced similar outcomes on the final test.
d) The study did not find any significant difference in long-term retention between immediate and delayed feedback.
b) Delayed feedback led to substantially better performance on the final test compared to immediate feedback.
involves number of exams in a course
What is a study that explains the applications of testing in the classroom?
Leeming (2002) study where he adopted an “Exam-a-day” procedure in Intro to Psychology &Learning & Memory courses
Summarize the findings regarding the “exam-a-day” procedure in Leeming’s study
Students demonstrated significant increases in performance following the “exam-a-day” procedure compared to other classes who only did 4 exams throughout the course (for the Intro to Psychology 80% vs. 74%) (for the Learning and Memory sections,89% vs. 81%)
