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PSYC 230 Test #1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

Attention

1
Q

What is Attention?

A

The Process of deciding what information need to be process with the highest priority

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2
Q

Who Investigated Attention Scientifically?

A

Cherry (1953)

Dichotic Listening Paradigm

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3
Q

What is the Dichotic Listening Paradigm?

A
  • A different message was played in each ear
  • Participants were asked to concentrate on one ear
    and vocally repeat the message

Ex:
Left Ear - Horse Galloping

Right Ear - Sentence

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4
Q

What does the Broadbent Filter model of Attention propose?

A

proposes that humans can only process a limited amount of sensory information at any given time due to an attentional “bottleneck.”

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5
Q

What is endogenous attention?

A

Attention we are voluntarily choosing to have

Ex: reading

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6
Q

What is Exogenus Attention

A

Involuntarily attention

Ex: loud Noise or stimulus

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7
Q

What does “Filter” mean in Broadbent’s filter model?

A

Stimuli must pass a filter to become the focus of attention

Ex:
Background noises are completly ignored

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8
Q

What are the filters in Broadbents Model?

A

Sensory Store
Selective Filter
Higher Level Processing
Working Memory

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9
Q

Why is Broadbents Model considered a All or Nothing Filter?

A

Unattened stimulus is ignored always

Disproven by someone yelling your name getting your attention

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10
Q

Whats is Treismans Attenutator Model?

A

the selective filter distinguishes between two messages on the basis of their physical characteristics, such as location, intensity and pitch

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11
Q

How is the Attentuaor Model related to the Broadment Model?

A
  • Based on Broadbent’s filter model
  • Different mechanism for filtering
    ▪ Not an all-or-nothing filter, but a gradual attenuator
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12
Q

What does it mean for the attenuator model to be a early selection filter model?

A

Decides early whether or not to accept or ignore stimulus

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13
Q

What does it mean the for attenuator filter to be a gradual attenuator?

A

Messages have to exceed a certain threshold to get attention

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14
Q

When is the Attenuated message analyzed?

A

*When activation exceeds certain threshold
* Threshold depends on the context, priming,
subjective importance, degree of attentuation etc.

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15
Q

In the Attenuator Model does unattended information effect behavior?

A

No

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16
Q

Does the Attenuator model allow for intitally unattended information to become attended?

A

No it has no effect on behavior and it fades away

17
Q

What two models are both early selection filter models?

A

Brodbents filter
Attenuator Model?

18
Q

What are the four attention models?

A

Early Selection Model (Broadbent’s)

Attenuator Model AKA: Intermediate Selection
(Treisman’s)

Late Selection Filter Model
(Deustch) (Norman)

Model of Perceptual Load
(Lavie)

19
Q

What is the Late Selection Filter Model?

A
  • All information is fully analyzed for meaning
  • Then, the selection by a filter takes place depending on the physical
    properties and meaning
20
Q

What is the model of perceptual load?

A
  • Combination of all models
  • We use early selection and Late Selection
  • Attention is not a filter but a resource we can attribute to different jobs
21
Q

In the Model of Perceptual Load when do we use early selection?

A

Difficult Tasks
- Requires a lot of attention
- Selection is then early to make resources available

22
Q

In the Model of Perceptual Load when do we use late selection?

A

Easy Tasks
- Require little attention
- Selection is late since resource is available

23
Q

What is the Dual Task Paradigm of Multitasking?

A
  • Requiring participants to do two tasks simul taneously
  • hard to prove the two tasks are truly parallel rather than just swithcing quickly
24
Q

What is the difference between a serial and parallel view of multitasking?

A

Serial multitasking is just very fast switching of attention on activities

Parallel multitasking is true multitasking and doing everything at the same time

25
Q

What is the Psychological Refractory Period (PRP)?

A
  • A Delay in responding to a second stimulus due to the limitation in response selection

AKA we can not prepare actions for two tasks simultaneously?

26
Q

What is a Example of Psychological refractory period (PRP) effect?

A

There is a delay after you start the perceptual analysis of the second tasks causing the First task to be executed before the second task and not at the same time

27
Q

What is Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA)

A

The Period of time between the onsets of two stimuli

28
Q

What is a example of Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA)?

A

You can not start doing two tasks at the same time

PSYC 230 Test #1 (5 decks)

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