Chapter 2

Question 1

What is Descriptive Research?

Answer 1

• Is a systematic, objective observation of people
• The goal is to provide a clear, accurate picture of people’s behaviors,
  thoughts, and attitudes

Question 2

What is Naturalistic Observation?

Answer 2

Recording behavior in naturalistic environments

Question 3

what are Correlational studies?

Answer 3

• Measure the degree of linear relation between two variables, i.e.,
  how one variable is related to another variable

Ex: is there a relationship between number of drinks consumed and
balance?

Question 4

What is WEIRD Populations?

Answer 4

western, educated,
industrialized, rich, and democratic)
population

Question 4

What is Ecological Validity?

Answer 4

measures how generalizable experimental findings are to the real world

Question 4

what is Mental chronometry?

Answer 4

Using response time to
infer the mechanism of mental processes

Question 4

What are the 5 Brain Imaging Techniqes?

Answer 4

CT
MRI
EEG
fMRI
PET

Question 5

What are the Structural braing Imaging Techniqhes?

Answer 5

CT and MRI

Question 5

What are the Functional Brain Imaging Techniques?

Answer 5

EEG and fMRI and PET

Question 5

what is a CT?

Answer 5

X Ray technology
- Measures the radiation that passes through tissues

Question 5

What are the advantages of a CT?

Answer 5

Quick imaging
– Widely available
– Good for detecting tumors, hemorrhages, bone
related issues, and lesions

Question 5

What are the Limitations of CT

Answer 5

– Low resolution
– Exposure to radiation

Question 6

What is MRIs?

Answer 6

Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generate
images of the brain based on the behavior of
hydrogen atoms

Question 6

What are the Advantages of MRIs?

Answer 6

– High spatial resolution
– Can detect soft tissues

Question 6

What are the Limitations of MRIs?

Answer 6

• Expensive equipment
  – Long scan times
  – Contraindications for certain metallic implants

Question 6

What are EEGs?

Answer 6

Records electrical activity of the brain through
electrodes

Question 7

What are the advantages of EEGs?

Answer 7

– Millisecond timing precision
– Direct measure of neural activity
– Inexpensive
– Can use with babies

Question 8

What are the limitations of EEGs?

Answer 8

Low spatial resolution

– Cortex only

Question 9

What is a fMRI?

Answer 9

Measures changes in blood flow and oxygenation

Question 10

What are the advantages of fMRI?

Answer 10

Non-invasive
– Good spatial resolution 3mm3
– Acceptable temporal resolution 1-2s

Question 11

What are the disadvantages of fMRI?

Answer 11

Expensive
– Limited temporal resolution
– No talking or moving (only button presses)
– Indirect measure of neural activity

Question 12

What is PET?

Answer 12

Traces radio-active material that are injected into
the bloodstream

Question 13

What are the advantages of PET?

Answer 13

subjects can talk during scan

– Provides insights into the neurotransmitter activity

Question 14

What are the limitations of PET?

Answer 14

Expensive
– Spatial (1cm) & temporal resolution (1 min
)– Radioactivity