Chapter 4 Flashcards
Associated with a racial or ethnic group as well as with gender, age, religion or spirituality, economic status, nationality, physical capacity or disability, and affectionate or sexual orientation. (A lens through which life is perceived)
Culture
A sense of identity that stems from common ancestry, history, nationality, religion, and race
Ethnicity
Refers to a group of people who have been singled out for differential and unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination
Oppressed group
A generic term that indicates any relationship between and within two or more diverse groups
Multiculturalism
Operationally defined as the working alliance between counselor and client that takes the personal dynamics of the counselor and client into consideration alongside the dynamics found in the cultures of both of these individuals
Multicultural counseling
Refers to the spectrum of differences that exists among groups of people with unique cultural backgrounds
Cultural diversity
Refers to individual differences on a number of variables that can potentially put clients at risk for discrimination based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, or socioeconomic status
Diversity
A perspective that recognizes the complexity of cultures and emphasizes the benefits of diverse beliefs and values
Cultural pluralism
Refers to a practitioner’s level of awareness, knowledge, and interpersonal skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic society and to intervene on behalf of clients from diverse backgrounds
Cultural diversity competence
Pertains to therapists’ awareness of clients’ worldviews, which are acknowledged in relation to therapists’ awareness of their own personal biases
Cultural empathy
An orientation or disposition believed to be necessary to facilitate cultural awareness, knowledge, and skills
Cultural humility
A three-stage developmental sequence, from multicultural awareness to knowledge and comprehension to skills and applications
Culture-centered counseling
Includes a compassionate and accepting orientation that is based on an understanding of oneself and others within one’s culture and context
Cultural awareness
Involves the empowerment of individuals and family systems to better express their needs as well as to advocate on their behalf to address inequities and injustices they encounter in their community and in society at large
Social justice work in counseling
A perception of reality based on a very limited set of cultural experiences
Cultural tunnel vision
Displays curiosity that is characterized by an openness to engaging in new cultural experiences
Globally literate counselors
Oversimplified and uncritical generalizations about individuals who are identified as belonging to a specific group
Stereotypes
Any pattern of behavior that, solely because of race or culture, denies access to opportunities or privileges to members of one racial or cultural group while perpetuating access to opportunities and privileges to members of another racial or cultural group
Racism
The belief that one group’s history, way of life, religion, values, and traditions are superior to others
Cultural racism
Persistent verbal, behavioral, and environmental assaults, insults, and invalidations that often occur subtly and are difficult to identify
Microaggressions
Described patterns of sexual, romantic, and emotional attraction- and one’s sense of identity based on those attractions
Sexual orientation
An individual’s internal sense of being male, female, or nonbinary
Gender identity
How individual’s externally or publicly present their gender, often expressed through behavior, clothing, haircut, or voice
Gender expression
An umbrella term for persons who believe that their gender identity, gender expression, or behavior does not conform to that typically associated with sex assigned at birth
Transgender
Refers to people who do not identify with the man-woman gender binary
Nonbinary
Refers to individuals whose gender identity aligns with the sex assigned to them at birth
Cisgender
Refers to the marginalization or oppression of people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or other based on the belief that heterosexuality is the norm (it is)
Heterosexism/ Cissexism
Moves beyond cultural awareness and focuses on active support and advocacy, including promoting equality and justice for underserved and oppressed groups of people
Social justice
Behaving differently and usually unfairly toward a specific group of people is unethical and unacceptable
Discrimination
Brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of other races
Racial microaggressions
Rude and insensitive comments that demean a person’s heritage and identity
Microinsults
Characterized by communications that negate, exclude, or nullify the thoughts, feelings, or realities of a person
Microinvalidations
A racial microaggression that insinuates that race is not a critical variable that affects people’s lives and that it has no sociopolitical relevance
Color blindness
