Chapter 4 Flashcards
Health enhancing
Actions people make that improve their health (being active and characteristics of a healthy diet)
Health damaging
Actions people make that can damage their health (excessive drinking and tobacco use)
Why is theory a best practice in health education & promotion?
- Theory helps organize various forms of knowledge (data, facts, and information) so that they take on meaning that would not occur if the pieces of knowledge were presented in isolation.
- Theory helps education specialist plan, implement and evaluate programs.
- Using theory is consistent with using evidence based interventions in public health.
Behavior change theory
Behavior change theories provide a platform for understanding why people engage in health risk or health compromising behaviors, and why they adopt health protected behaviors.
Program planning models
- Program planning, models help guide the practice of health educators.
- Program planning models implement and evaluate programs
Socio-ecological model
- A multilevel interactive approach that examines how physical social, political, economic and cultural dimensions, influence behaviors and conditions.
- the model was created to understand human development.
Intrapersonal
Individual characteristics that influence behavior such as knowledge, attitudes, believes, and personality traits.
Interpersonal
Interpersonal processes and primary groups including family, friends, and peers that provide social identity, support, and role.
Organizational
Rules, regulations, policies, and informal structures which may constrain or promote recommended behaviors
Community
Social networks and norms, or standards which exist as formal or informal among individuals, groups, and organizations
Public policy
Local, state, and federal policies and laws that regulate or support healthy actions and practices for disease prevention, early detection, control and management
Physical environment
Natural and built environment
Culture
Shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and practices of a population
Health Belief Model
- Addresses a persons perception of the threat of a health problem and the accompanying appraisal of a recommended behavior for preventing or managing a problem
- developed by a group of psychologists in 1950 to help explain why people used or did not use health services
Cues to action
The stimulus needed to trigger the decision-making process to accept a recommended health action
Perceived susceptibility
Belief about the chances of getting a disease or condition
Perceived seriousness
- The negative consequences and individual associates with an event or outcome such as diagnosis of cancer.
- these consequences may relate to an anticipated event that may occur in the future, or to a current situation that were difficult or troubling to the individual, and we’re described by respondents and narrative forms, such as pre-existing health problem
Perceived threat
A situation that is difficult or troubling to a person
Perceived benefits
Belief about the positive outcomes associated with a behavior in response to a real or perceived threat
Perceived barriers
A persons estimation of the level of challenge of social, personal, environmental, and economics obstacles to a specified behavior or their desired goal status on that behavior
Reduction of threat
The difference between the benefits of and the benefits of something specific
Self-efficacy
One’s confidence to do a skill or task and to overcome barriers
Theory of planned behavior
Individuals intention to perform a given behavior, which is a function of their attitude toward performing the behavior, their believes about what relevant others think they should do, and their perception of the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior
Attitude toward the behavior
Have a positive attitude toward quitting
Subjective norm
Think that others whom they value believe it would be good for them to quit
Perceived behavioral control
Be aware that they have control over whether or not they quit
Actual behavioral control
Have the skills, resources, and other prerequisites needed to quit
Trans-theoretical model of change
The theory that intentional behavior change “occurs in stages”
Precontemplation stage
The stage at which there is no intention to change behavior in the future
Contemplation stage
Intending to start healthy behavior in the future
Preparation stage
The stage in which individuals intend to take steps to change, usually within the next month
Action stage
- The stage in which people have made specific changes in their lifestyles within the past six months.
- Because action is observable, The overall process of behavior change often has been equated with action.
Maintenance stage
The stage in which people work to prevent relapse and combine the gains attainted during action
Termination
The time when individuals who made a change now have zero temptation to return to their old behavior
What are the 5 elements common to all program planning models?
- Needs assessment
- Setting goals and objectives
- Developing an intervention
- Implementing an intervention
- Evaluating an intervention
Needs assessment
Collecting and analyzing data to determine the health needs of a population; setting priorities and selecting a priority population
Setting goals and objectives
What will be accomplished
Developing an intervention
How goals and objectives will be achieved
Implementing intervention
Putting interventions into action
Evaluating an intervention
Improving quality and determine effectiveness
