Chapter 1

Question 1

Public health

Answer 1

The science of preventing disease and promoting health

Question 2

Health disparities

Answer 2

Health differences among different groups of people that are related to social, economic, and environmental disadvantage.

Question 3

Communicable diseases

Answer 3

Diseases that can be spread from person to person

Question 4

Non-communicable diseases

Answer 4

Noncontagious diseases such as diabetes

Question 5

Health behaviors

Answer 5

Health-enhancing (exercise) and health-damaging (smoking)

Question 6

Health

Answer 6

Factors such as economic, social, political, and physical that add up to good health, high quality lives for people and communities

Question 7

Health promotion

Answer 7

Any planned combination of educational, political, environmental, organizational mechanisms that support actions and conditions of living to the health of people and groups

Question 8

Health education

Answer 8

Any combination of planned learning experiences using evidence based practices or theories that provide the opportunity to acquire knowledge, attitudes and skills to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors

Question 9

What is the purpose and goals of health education?

Answer 9

Promote healthy behaviors
Influence to make healthier choices

Question 10

Public health model

Answer 10

Focuses on prevention, population and community

Question 11

Medical model

Answer 11

Focuses on cures and individuals

Question 12

What is the upstream approach?

Answer 12

Finding the root of diseases and determining prevention strategies

Question 13

Epidemiology

Answer 13

The study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events (including disease) and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems

Question 14

How is epidemiology useful?

Answer 14

Identifies patterns and helps us understand why some diseases occur more often in other environments

Question 15

What is morbidity?

Answer 15

The state of being unhealthy because of a health condition or disease

Question 16

What is mortality?

Answer 16

Number of deaths occurred

Question 17

How is health and heath status measured?

Answer 17

By taking health surveys (National Health Interview Survey NHIS is one of the many surveys used to gain data on the health and health behaviors of people)

Question 18

Rates

Answer 18

A measure in which an event occurs in a population over a specified period of time

Question 19

Incidence

Answer 19

Number of new cases

Question 20

Prevalence

Answer 20

Number of existing cases

Question 21

Epidemic

Answer 21

A large number of cases of an illness or health related behavior in a population

Question 22

Endemic

Answer 22

Occurs regularly in a population

Question 23

Pandemic

Answer 23

An outbreak over a wide geographic area without specific geographic boundaries

Question 24

What are the levels of prevention?

Answer 24

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

Question 25

Primary

Answer 25

Preventing disease, illness or injury

Question 26

Secondary

Answer 26

Detecting diseases and illnesses in an early stage

Question 27

Tertiary

Answer 27

Treating individuals when disease or illness occurred already

Question 28

Determinants of health

Answer 28

Genetics such as sex and age individual behaviors such as diet and substance abuse Social circumstances such as housing and education Environmental and physical inferences such as clean water and home Health services such as quality health care and health insurance

Question 29

Risk reduction

Answer 29

Avoiding or reducing the likelihood of being exposed to diseases or disasters

Question 30

Chain of infection

Answer 30

A model that explains how communicable diseases spread from person to person

Question 31

Communicable disease model

Answer 31

Host: any susceptible organism that can be invaded such as humans or plants Agent: spreads the disease Environment: all other factors can stop or spread diseases

Question 32

Multi-causation model

Answer 32

Diseases that are caused by combined factors over a period of time

Question 33

What are the 5 main principles that underlie the practice of health education and promotion?

Answer 33

Participation Empowerment Cultural competency Socio-ecological approach Advocacy

Question 34

Participation

Answer 34

Involvement in the community

Question 35

Empowerment

Answer 35

Gaining control over your own life

Question 36

Cultural competency

Answer 36

Learning about different cultures and respecting all cultures

Question 37

Socio-ecological approach

Answer 37

Behaviors shaped by different influences

Question 38

Advocacy

Answer 38

Strategies used to influence public opinion connected to health