chapter 4 Flashcards
genes
Every nucleus cell in our body contains the genetic master code for our entire
body
46 chapter (chromosome) –> 23 (mom eggs) 23 (dad sperm)
chapter is made of DNA
what do genes do
genes provide code for making protein molecules
male and female chromosomes
xx - female
xy - male
identical twins
a single fertilized egg that splits making the twins genetically identical
but
- don’t always have the same number of copies of genes in a genome ( why one twin can get a disease and the other doesn’t)
- twins share a placenta. one can have a more healthy one than the other
as they grow up, they are more alike
fraternal twins
they share the same fetal environment but genetically they are like siblings
two separate eggs
separated twins
even if they are separated, it is found that they still share many life experiences
- genes
separated fraternal twins don’t share the same experience as identical twins
bio vs adopted relatives
people who grow up together (bio or not) tend to have different personalities
people who are adopted tend to share more qualities with thier bio parents than adoptive parents
temperament
it is genetically influenced
tends to follow into adult life
A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Identical twins often have similar temperaments
heredity
heredity = individual
Heritability = group
Heritability
Heritability refers how much difference among people are due to genes
personality is due to x% of your heredity and y% to your environment
When environments (y) are similar, heredity (x) becomes the primary source of
differences
Gene-environment interaction
Interacting to influence who we become
Genes can influence traits which affect responses
the environment can affect gene activity
molecular behavior genetics
The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes
some of the many genes that work
together to orchestrate complex traits
Epigenetics
study how environments can influence genetic expression with out change in DNA
- DNA cannot be changed but epigenetics can be
genes can either be active or inactive and turned on or off for environmental reasons.
can also be influenced by our experiences
- can be the reason why trauma is life long
these altered genes can be passed down
natural selection
traits that help a species survive longer get passed down
genetic legacy
Over generations, genes from those who did NOT mate or nurture were lost from
human gene pool
we are biologically and genetically made to think and act in ways to survive in situations that are most likely not gonna happen
