Chapter 4 Flashcards
How many bits are in IPv4?
32 bits
How many bit are in IPv6?
128 bits
Binary uses a base __ numbering system
2
where there are only two digits 0 and 1
Computer systems divide the 32 bit IPv4 addresses into how many parts
four 8 bit octets
Describe the table you can use to convert binary into decimals
eight columns representing the 8 bits in an octet
the column headings are the powers of 2 from 0 to 7
Why is the skill to convert binary into decimals and decimals into binary important?
it is a crucial part of subnetting
Explain how the table with the column headings of powers of 2 can aid in converting binary into decimals?
you insert the binary number into the table
then you add up the column heading values for the columns that contain the binary number 1
How do you convert decimal to binary?
You start with the decimal and ask yourself “Is this number equal to or greater than the column heading?”
If the answer is no, place a 0
and move to the next column
If the answer is yes, place a 1 and subtract the value of the column heading from the number you are converting
This process continues until you have filled the table with 1s and 0s.
In today’s networks, which the most popular layer 3 addressing scheme?
IPv4
When an IPv4 network device sends data on a network, it places both _____________and _________ in the packet’s IPv4 header.
a destination IP address
a source IP address
Rather than write out each individual bit value, you write the IPv4 address in what form?
in dotted-decimal notation.
What is dotted-decimal notation?
a method of writing an IPv4 address or subnet mask, where groups of 8 bit are separated by periods
An IP address is composed of two types of address. What are the two parts called?
network address and a host address
A group of contiguous left-justified bits represent what in an IP address?
network address
A group of contiguous right justified bits is called what in an IP address?
host on a network
The IP address component that determines which bit refer to the network and which refer to the host is called what?
subnet mask
A subnet mask typically consist of what?
contiguous 1s followed by a set of contiguous 0s
all the 1s in a subnet represent what?
network bits
all the 0s in a subnet represent what?
host bits
To know the network address, you need to know the subnet mask, which could be written in dotted-decimal notation or in ____.
prefix notation also known as slash notation
what is prefix notation?
A method of indicating how many bits are in a subnet mask.
Also known as a slash notation
Ex. /24
The default subnet mask for a given IP address is solely determined by what?
the value in the IP address’s first octet
A value of 1-126 in the first octet means that the IP address is class what?
A
A value of 128-191 in the first octet means that the IP address is class what?
B
A value of 192-223 in the first octet means that the IP address is class what?
C
A value of 224-239 in the first octet means that the IP address is class what?
D
A value of 240-255 in the first octet means that the IP address is class what?
E
What is a classful masks?
default subnet mask given to a class
What is class A classful mask in dotted decimal notation and in prefix notation?
255.0.0.0
/8
What is class B classful mask in dotted decimal notation and in prefix notation?
255.255.0.0
/16
What is class C classful mask in dotted decimal notation and in prefix notation?
255.255.255.0
/24
Class A, B, and C addresses are assigned to what?
network devices
Class D addresses are used as …
destination IP addresses for multicast networks
Class E addresses are for what?
experimental use
why is the number 127 skipped and not part of any class?(first octet value)
127 is used for loopback
What is loopback?
An logical (virtual) interface on a network device that is often used for testing purposes
What nonprofit corporation globally manages publicly routable IP addresses?
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
How does ICANN assign IP addresses?
they assign a block of IP addresses to a regional Internet registry
one example of a regional Internet registry is the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)
One solution to accommodating lots of devices and the need for IP addresses is to use private IP addressing within an organization, in combination with _______.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
What is NAT?
network address translation is a technology that allows private IP addresses to be translated into Internet-routable IP addresses.
What is Class A’s address range for private IP?
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
What is Class B’s address range for private IP?
172.16.0.0 - 172.32.255.255
169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255
What is Class C’s address range for private IP?
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
Which private IP address range is not routable and why?
Addresses in this range are only usable on their local subnet and are dynamically assigned to network host using Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
What is the three categories of IPv4 addresses that is a must to know?(according to the book)
unicast
broadcast
multicast
Most network traffic is unicast in nature. What does this mean?
A one-to-one communication flow
Describe broadcast traffic flow
broadcast traffic travels from a single source to all destinations on a network
What is directed broadcast address?
targets all devices in a remote network
Describe why multicast technology is useful?
if a network has 100 users and 20 of those need to receive a video stream
unicast - you would have to send one by one (too much bandwidth consumed and it is a burden)
broadcast - everyone gets the video stream
multicast- send the video stream only once and sending the video stream only
to devices on the network that want to receive the stream.
Multicast is possible because of the use of a Class _ address.
D
If traffic is destined for a different subnet than the subnet on which the traffic originates, what is needed?
a default gateway
What is a default gateway?
The IP address of a router to which a network device sends traffic destined for a subnet other than the device’s local subnet
a default gateway routes traffic from the sender’s subnet toward the destination subnet
What does FQDNs stand for?
fully qualified domain names
FQDNs are used for what?
end users typically type these names to reach the destination which they want to connect too instead of IP address
A Domain Name System (DNS) translates FQDNs into what?
corresponding IP address
